Beet iN OF THE
Peer CAL SOCIETY
or WASHINGTON
27 OCTOBER 2004
NUMBER 11
Editor: Richard vy. Sternberg
Review Editor: Lynne R. Parenti
Reviewers: Gareth Nelson and Richard Winterbottom
Copies available as the supply lasts from:
The Custodian of Publications
Biological Society of Washington
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560
(Cost $75.00 for the 2-volume set, including postage and handling)
Cover illustration: Dorsal gill-arch musculature of Megalops cyprinoide.
(see Plate 15). :
STUDY OF THE DORSAL GILL-ARCH MUSCULATURE
OF TELEOSTOME FISHES, WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO THE ACTINOPTERYGII
Victor G. Springer and G. David Johnson
Karolyn Darrow, Ilustrator
Appendix: Phylogenetic Analysis of 147 Families of Acanthomorph Fishes
Based Primarily on Dorsal Gill-Arch Muscles and Skeleton
Victor G. Springer and Thomas M. Orrell
PLATES
“Art survives long after ideas go extinct—particularly if the art is good and the ideas less consistently so.”’
Joel Achenbach (2000), Smithsonian Magazine, 32(1):123.
Index of Illustrated Families and Genera with Associated Plate Numbers
Abudefduf. .....5.s0s ss 161
Acanthuridae ......... 173
ACOMINUTUSS sietene sis 2 apne 173
Achoerodus .... 163.1, 163.2
AGIDENSET. eier-us = aot ete 3
Acipensenidaey: = )syettn-)-e- =r 3
Acropomatidae ........ 102
Adrianichthyidae ....... 98
ATTONGNGUS\«.! 6850.4 te 138
AIPONOSIOMMUS ey -htelis natn os 94
AIBA iors ey ake i eiemons cae 17
/NiIGES Sian ooac Sc 17
AAT OVANAIG: senetet on ioe teret= 20
Alepocephalidae ........ 45
Alepocephalus ......... 45
TNIDIOTTIS 6.6 She. oa Oa 76
Amiarsipidae = 25 2-1. 3. 176
AIMGTSIDUS) yeep a ate. kaye 176
Ambassidae) ya e. 2). nee 126
Amblyopsidae ......... 64
TRIG 1 teres he cken Eek 6
Amid ae reese. <2 cate os a < 6
ATINOGBYIES 75 choi =n austen 140
Ammodytidae ........ 140
Amphisticus .... 162.1, 162.2
NOG BSc we BOBO Oe 22
AN SUNG AS ere geatirsea eect 22
Anomalopidae ......... 85
Aniomalops, «=. = 432 4- 85
Aphredoderidae ........ 62
Aphredoderus ......... 62
Aplocheilidae’ 52.2... -- 96
Apogonidae 3 5-2 se - 114
INRA LE? Ges ae mS. & oor 12
Arapaimidae .......... 12
AT ZENTING. scare eps) susesw ae 44
Argentiniddel yc 4 1 = 44
ASSESSOR er ch aitaa seen cea 129
Ateleopodidae 3-.-...-- 53
ATEICODUSMa wane er 53
Atherinidae ...... 95.1, 95.2
AUZACIOSICUS = inne eee 5
Aulichthys) syevcs\202)s es 22 89
(Null Glo seadadacdae 54
AUlODUS iene er Stile tyes orthe 54
Aulorhynchidae ........ 90
Aulorhynchus .......... 90
BUTDOUTISIG arent 72
Barbourisiidae ......... 72
Bathycluped\ on). 2 = 108
Bathyclupeidae ....... 108
Bathymaster, 22). ee) 178
Bathymasteridae ....... 178
Batrachoididae ......... 67
BEAONE Faroe aon etar tS ay 95
Bedoinidaen ts ae 95
BeElonidach rc terse 99
Berycidae =... <1. 82, 83
BOT VOR cud ter acres, Sener 82
Blennudaess-.-.2 see 188
Bollmanniaee cee e cline 202
Boyvichtidae™ 2222 -)ee 180
Bovichtus rence 180
Brama peapohaya eo) aa
Bramidadese. siete cketale 128
Vetaiacel Munitecier cick Olea ate euo 33
Gallanthiasmeaciicsatrce 132
Callanthiidae ......... 132
Gallichinisireccre eee 192
Callionymidae .. 184.1, 184.2
Callionymus 184.1, 184.2
Gaproidae waren. revere ter: rrr 78
(GEIR opoiaoo dono oeat 78
(COMNAATE «moon te Ona 159
GhighyuGki ooomesoas 148
Caristtidae 1-0 a nee 127
Caristils! sine ee 127
Gaulolatilusi-s--s:)seeaeier 182
Centracanthidae ....... 156
Centrarchidae ..... 106, 107
Gentuscidaer.y-ryereetaei 86
Gentroberyy itt hae the 83
Centrogeniidae ........ 125
Centrogenysi ene) okie 125
Centrolophidae ........ 177
COMET ee gésbancents 131
Cepolidaet sare 131
Ceratodontidae ...... Va, 1.2
Cetengraulis ..... 26.1, 26.2
Getomimidae, = ei cierto 74
Chaenopsidae ........ 193
Chaetodipterus ........ 171
@hanidaeierareeven cucu 30
(CRANNG Ais scion - seo eee 175
Channidaewer pace raciecne 175
GHayase 7 eo rant eens 30
Gharacidaegy -n-cer mien 33
@haunacidacwey raster: 68
GCRAUNGKE I. ie kee tes casks ne ens 68
Cheilinus? seco ec <0 6s ke 167
Chirocentridae .... 28.1, 28.2
Chirocentrus ..... 28.1, 28.2
Chlorophthalmidae ...... 56
Chlorophthalmus ....... 56
Ghocrodonmaene ee 167
Ghologastere rain 64
CRromismariniey- tala 161
@rchlidaew recreate on 159
@irrhitidaeyey a y-raciensisi ere 117
Gleplicusimawesu-rt nt ea 167
G@linidae eesacierene « 190, 191
GHNUS ce regscste ets, atone 191
(CHISCEO ooccooupcadcs 29
Coilia see eee 27
(Gololabi sige ent 100
GONE hee beaches mie 21
Gonpridaen y--ecpee-ar--re a 21
Coregonus. aa ences) oe 38
COIS Fir hava 2 oes ee 166
Coryphaenayen i hte 150
Coryphaenidae ........ 150
Gyrioscionae ae nee 121
@yprinidaey ...... 32.1, 32.2
Gyprinodon a -sceieeiener 97
Cyprinodontidae ........ Oy)
Dactylagnus) 4) se 189
Dactyloptend ean wea 181
Dactylopteridae ....... 181
Dactyloscopidae ....... 189
IPYGHITED gonabess ood 24
Denticipitidae ......... 24
IDFA 3S te onlin oes 58
DiCrOlenGe eae eae EO 65
ID ay NOGA ee oo cite oe 34
Diplomystidae ......... 34
Diplophidae =... 1 =: 50
IAAT Koon tavcmres 50
Dischistodus: (oc = = =2 =o: 160
DitropiCchiRyS > «enki 74
DrACONCHA Wes aes 2 183
Draconettidae,".. = == == 183
DUSSEUTICTAQ er sists haere aes 29
EAGSSOWIQ re eee eae 93
Elassomatidae” ey eee 93
Bleotmdaewner sie sneiere 197
Elecotris a tern eee 197
Blopidacs Pie ere eutectic 16
[HDI Saga de So Odo Ss 16
EMnDioloca) -ealeisesie cist che 162
Embiotocidae ... 162.1, 162.2
Engraulidae ... 26.1, 26.2, 27
Enneacanthus .......-.- 107
Ephippidae! 2.6. a... 171
BE PINePRElUs evel enele lates 111
Esocidae® «020s: ss 5)0ye Stensns 47
SOX S05). apte = i eysuedei sts wake 47
Bxocoectidae a.) o2 ae 101
JORIS ooo goo oben 101
GGLGRITS goed be) cre on yee tees 40
Galaxiidae ....... 40, 41, 42
Gasterosteldacm-yjer nee 87
Gasferosteusmeene nee 87
GALTON ees cigs 137
Gerres™ Sa cisa tt heracnors 133
Germidaee ys 42 caceea et 133
Gibberichthyidae ....... 70
Gibberichthys ........- 70
GHD! soootoonods 190
GIOSSQUIHG! . relere se a totae 114
Glossogobius! =. = 2 201
Gnatholepis, ~~ 3... -2-- 204
Gobiesocidae =1-)4-y5 = 185
Goblidaescrscraa Ae.seens
.. 200, 201, 202, 203, 204
Gonorynchidae ........ 31
(Gonorynchusi)- eae 31
Gonostoma ...... §2.1, 52.2
Gonostomatidae ... 52.1, 52.2
Gramma! Snes Vohra 134
Grammatidae> "7... 134
Grammicolepidae ....... Tl
Gymnarchidaey =e )
CMMI osansodsoos 9
Gymnotidaes4j5-- eo 35
GYMNOWS, Sis tees ees 35
Haemulidae eres cee 113
Halosaunidaes sini eeee er 20
Hemiramphidae ....... 101
Hemiramphus ........- 101
ETererOclinus y-.-y- eer 191
Heteropriacanthus ..... 115
FLOLET OMS: eistods. wi ene ones ene 11
Hexagrammidae ....... 145
IPBINIMAUUMEM oO ono sms + 145
Higdon «, cyomckcgey a eae i
Hiodontidae 5.05 -0-\-m eae a
Holocentndae) = sirens 84
HIOlOCenizus\ f= 2 ose 84
Hoplostethus\ — 2) 1-0-1 81
FLY DOMESUSY (2. toe eeneee 43
Hypoptychidae ...... 88, 89
Ey POpLyCRus = eee eene 88
[costeidae) ay t-te eee 75
Icosteus) ....,.. xy2vs soe 75
VliSH@ cc. nvocs, dn SRE 25
Kathetostoma). .)-)-see 142
Kuhlia: 2.0 esc 157
Kaurhlitdaer es aceee nee 157
Eabracinus eee 136
Labridae 163.1, 163.2, 164.1,
164.2, 165, 166, 167, 168
(abrisomidaes..-.)-sieeeae 192
Labroidés) sso 168
[actanidae) =.) neers 119
E-actarius:.).\-)-1- eee 119
Lampanyctus) =). 58
Wampridae nie 60
Eampris: \.. <24/0 ee 60
Lateolabracidae ....... 120
Eateclabrax\ v.01 120
PeateS: 0. 5). eee 105
Liatidae, 55 .s.2- ioe 105
Leiognathidae ........ 137
Leiopotherapon ....... 158
Lepidoblennius ........ 187
Lepidogalaxias......... 41
episosteidac =). einen 5
Leptobrama) -7-))-1-.ee 104
Leptobramidae ........- 104
ethrinidae’ ==.) eee 155
Lethrinus.. 2... 0). eee 155
Lonchopisthus ........ 135
Lovettia. ...... 3. sae 42
eutjanidae’ 24.) 112
[uvaridac? ).)-)-eueeene 170
Euvarus:. 2 <2. 52 eee 170
Macquariay ene 103
Macroramphosus .....-. - 86
Malacanthidae ........ 182
Mastacembelidae ....... 92
Mastacembelus ........ 92
Maurolicus 2502 51
Megalopidae .......... 15
Mecalaps) = 1) -1-1-0 ieeiee 15
Melamphaidae ......... 69
Meaney tard fee 80.1, 80.2
Menidae® ae) 80.1, 80.2
Menidiay s.-ucraene 95.1, 95.2
Microdesmidae .... 198, 199
Microdesmus ......... 199
Micropteriusi-ihelienenee 106
Mornmyridaerrn. niet 10
MOrone) cioranrs teen nto 110
IMforonid a care mcesiea tienen 110
Mucilidae wi s-nartn ir aenens 94
Mualhdaen:py.r-aststencct 124
Myctophidae .......... 58
Nematistiidae ......... 147
ING TEMIDD oa50500606 147
Nemipteridae ......... 154
INGOTS, 6000000006 154
Neoceratodus ....... 1.1, 1.2
INCOCLINUSM aes 193
Neoscopelidae ......... 57
Neoscopelus .........- 57
Notacanthidae ......... 19
Notacanthus .........- 19
Notopteridae ........... 8
NotopteTusieer yn 8
Novumbra ............ 48
Odontobutidae ........ 195
Odontobutis .......... 195
Oncorhynchus ......... 36
Ophidiidae ........... 65
Opistognathidae ....... 135
Opsanusmreiraee sor 67
Oreosomatidae ......... 76
@smeridacyae sae ele 43
Osteoglossidae ......... 14
Osteoglossum ......... 14
Ostracoberycidae ...... 116
Ostracoberyx ......... 116
RantOdOn et ero 13
Pantodontidae ......... 13
Parablennius ......... 188
Paracirrhites ......... 117
Parahollardia ......... 79
Pempheridae ......... 118
Pempheris ........... 118
BET CO MN acts sys cneie ci 130
Percichthyidae ........ 103
IRENE gocoocaoode 130
Bercopsidaeisr ters = 63
IPOREDION. 194600005000 63
Petrocephalus ......... 10
Pholidichthyidae ...... 169
Pholidichthys ......... 169
Platycephalidae ....... 144
Platycephalus ........ 144
Platytroctidae.......... 46
Plesiopidae .......... 129
Polycentridae ......... 138
Polydactylus ......... 122
Polylepion 3 = 23.2325. 165
Polymixias 4-1-4 ee 61
Polymixiidae .......... 61
Polynemidae ......... 122
IAQDSCCDD. 505000000 00000 4
Polyodontidae .......... 4
Polypteridae ........... 2
ROMAIN Sonscce eons 2
Pomacentridae ..... 160, 161
Pomadasy sa aero 113
Pomatomidae ......... 151
Pomatomus .......... 151
PONTINUSM ee een 143
IPOTOMIUN Gee a nee: 69
Priacanthidae ......... 115
Pristigasteridae......... 25
Pristipomoides ........ 112
Pristolepidae ......... 174
Pristolepis ........... 174
Psenopsis .........-. 177
Psettodes...... 205.1, 205.2
Psettodidae . 205.1, 205.2
Pseudapocryptes ...... 200
Pseudochromidae ...... 136
Pseudupeneus ........ 124
Ptereleotris .......... 198
Pterothrissus .......... 18
Rachycentridae ....... 149
Rachycentron ......... 149
INGWOGDO oon 6bo0000n80 66
Ranicipitidae 3. 66
IRCtrOpiInnGiaer wn er nea 39
Retropinnidae ......... 66
Rhamphocottidae ...... 146
Rhamphocottus ....... 146
Rhyacichthyidae ....... 194
Rhyacichthys ......... 194
IRIVULUS ERS eee en eee 96
Rondeletiay a. ee 73
Rondeletiidae.......... 73
IRUGNONOD eee 186
Salmonidae ...... 36, 37, 38
NMA soccctanon sac 55
Sciaenidae ty ste 121
SCOMDCT AE at ee het te 153
Scomberesocidae ...... 100
Scombridae .......... 153
Scombrolabracidae ..... 152
Scombrolabrax ........ 152
Scorpaenidae ......... 143
SCAT SLG Wn ted ek ate eter 46
Dalarna be ced cao meee 148
Serranidacierersree ee 111
Sillaginidae .......... 123
SWE oes no60dn68 08 123
Sphyraena ........... 139
Sphyraenidae ......... 139
Spicarawan eee 156
Stephanoberycidae ...... 71
Stephanoberyx ......... 71
Sternoptychidae ........ 51
Stichaeidae seman ee 179
Symphodus 164.1, 164.2
Symphysanodon .......- 109
Symphysanodontidae 109
SMUAGODS onccaotooone 102
Synaphobranchidae ..... . 23
Synaphobranchus ....... 23
Synbranchidae ......... 91
Synbranchus .......... 91
Synodontidae .......... 55
Terapontidae ......... 158
Tetracentrum ......... 126
INDUCHTS Scbaoodses At 37
Trachelochismus ...... 185
Trachichthyidae ........ 81
Mrachinidae) 3.32 2205. 141
IAA OD Ganaen oo Onc 141
Triacanthodidae ........ 79
Tripterygiidae ..... 186, 187
Trypauchen .......... 203
Tylosurus! een eee 99
Olvariagey 2) eons 179
Umbra. eee eae tke ae 49
Wmbridaey evar sae 48, 49
Uranoscopidae ........ 142
Velifernimnn ina Mone a tere c 59
Weliferidacwunn -tecinrel: 59
Xenisthmidae......... 196
Xenisthmus .........-. 196
Xenolepidichthys ....... 77
Xenopoecilus .......... 98
LACCOM Se eas ees 32.1, 32.2
Zanclidacwre ens awl 172
LATO gi6 6 006065006 172
' M. Intrb4
gill filaments SO
(truncated) M. Intrb3 PrO
ees Neoceratodus
—?2 mm—= (Ceratodontidae)
M. Intrb3 a
B M. Intrb4
ar
ii,
gill filaments
(truncated)
Plates 1.1, 1.2. Neoceratodus forsteri, AMS 1.40438001: A, dorsal view, SO damaged mid-dorsally, right-side Intbr1—4 and associated
tissues removed; B, posterior view, right-side Intbr3—4 removed; C, right side, lateral view, Intbr1—4 and associated tissues removed.
Neoceratodus
—— 2 mm—4
Polypterus
(Polypteridae)
Plate 2. Polypterus ornatipinnis, USNM 164514: A, dorsal view; right-side Ebl medial portion illustrated based on left side; note
small ossification on Eb1; B, lateral view, right side reversed; note Cb5 absent, PCI and PCE attach to Cb4.
7 7 a 8
os ia
a
ontak f
Ss
‘ire f/ oe a Pioamay (= ae) -
d Quefh
, Sw-iuTy
jie
*
.
.
.
ie
iy
P|
<
— el
he icetiai >\ie pai hucterl Pe ee
7
ae cs
Ce liga Ai} : " :
eae \
‘y
\)
Eb1-4
Acipenser
(Acipenseridae)
Wi :
\ SN \
VX
Plate 3. Acipenser ruthenus, USNM 62372: A,
dorsal view, LE2 comprises five parts (only four visi-
ble kere, all beginning with MSPb2), left-side LE3 and
LE4 reflected laterally, central CT greatly simplified, Ad4 continuous
anteroventromedially with SO; B, lateral view, right side reversed; C, SPb2
medial view right side, all five parts of LE2 indicated. Small middle
area of Eb] lightly ossified; all other skeletal elements are cartilaginous. M. SPb2-LE1
» irl!
-
7
—2 mm—
Polyodon
(Polyodontidae)
SAWS “TNA .
Treo 55) 8 NN WIS ~
SRE OEEEEN A Sa
tent of
Plate 4. Polyodon spathula, USNM 101093: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view, right side reversed, dotted lines indicate exten
attachment of Ad1 to posterior surface of Eb1, similar Ads present on 2nd to 4th arches. All skeletal elements are cartilaginous.
.*
«
*
'
. |
4
| i
- \
> \
| i i 7 ulA
\ i]
} 4 i |
ie 6 4
} f , 7
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it
, \ Lh}
v7 j } |
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i
. iy
j A.
:
ivii~éal
i ’ 4
] . 4 oe
yaadhiev Tur | £ .
ULL i Al j
- =
a ee ee ee ®
in oe Graal, §*° Bile GP ah WOU : ead) ny
: » o —_ ae as
c _ »>7-5 ¥
; 4 nti, - 7 tae 7 i.
Th sob. und, a =< _
i
\\\
\ \
Wy
\\
r)
On 2,
°
-—
2mm
Atractosteus
(Lepisosteidae)
Plate 5. Atractosteus tropicus, USNM 120715: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 retracted; position of LE2 insertion approximated (in
B also): B, lateral view, left side; LEland LE2 removed (insertion positions indicated by shading); C, posterior view, right side reversed.
; min ov
. oan (deat
+—2 mm—
Amia
(Amiidae)
Plate 6. Amia calva, USNM 230909: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3 and OD4 cut away; B, posterior view, right side reversed.
no \ {)
NE
op__ WW,
— Swill
comme
Ads SSX
Ad4
«he |”
BRO ene (|
é
°o
(HIopONTIDAE) \°
-———. 2 mm ——4
Plate 7. A, B, Hiodon alosoides, USNM 350554: A, dorsal view, distal (posterior) ends of Eb4s are rotated differently, making
specimen appear asymmetrical and obscuring right-side OP; C, H. tergisus, USNM 342742, dorsal view, right side. See description and
results sections for discussion of problems concerning identification of LI2 and/or 3.
. > = a
i" a
ges
a. : ; ~
ee Certs ie @ ubA) 18 Aa) opal
io 2 |i jot ‘eure, - ,
Ss OD3-4
oN (cut end)
Notopterus
(NOTOPTERIDAE)
Plate 8. Notopterus notopterus, A, B, USNM 191464: A, dorsal view, right-side LE 4 removed and OD3-4 cut away to reveal RecD4;
B, posterior view, left side; C, USNM 344674: lateral view, left side.
ry
i .
>.
*
«
»
7?
|
ok) _
VT e yy ey /
i) Chee
os a oe
yer ae oF
a
nA ;
P
A
LEI MK co |
complex I (th a
LM
LE2?
Lil
RecD3?
M. Pb3-Eb3-Eb2
\ SS w/ HN eee
7 WMOWES —TPb2-Pb3-Eb4 Ff YY as
wn \\ OS hf I
Oo iy S Ho ONC: fi /
Fogo A TS
sts pon i)
ON Lf ilfk xe —
Ne Sli : Z
ON iil ZS
Y\Wi
A Whoo poe
.\ 9
Gymnarchus
(GYMNARCHIDAE)
(| |
SA\\
"
RCi———r7
| , i}
Qu
Plate 9. Gymnarchus niloticus, USNM 319410: A, dorsal view, LE1 complex truncated considerably anteriorly; B, posterior vie
left side, Ad5 attaches to tendon and Eb4 dorsally.
“i
te 4
= = vA
e A
» em ET
j , >)
J
“s v4
Ad
.*
ys,
¥ |
i
i]
S
i
- = ALY
| ~——~ ia
\}
I naan,
- a CY ~ i
_ . i,
ah: \ er
= ‘s ~—
= = * ee Oe.
lant —
! =) —
Sn epee
hy! :
¥
; u tye
| -
: i
|
—— 1 emt \ ts - in
; Coe es
AW Niner) a aN
gaily. (ee rel : ; es ne ‘
J . ey
. ; Xe a | :
be = eee Saas ets hs re ii ae
leaned, ented Ary ti
1 » ss - _ - be ¥ ee oi. :
yee ee
By Za
in
L900
Petrocephalus
(Mormyridae)
Plate 10. Petrocephalus tenuicauda, USNM 118801: dorsal view, right-side LI] and LE3 removed, insertions indicated by shading.
LE4
fe}
fo) 10)
d.
q
Sy
0 fo)
nerves = =
Eb1-4
5 Ae
9 °
EO cavity
Heterotis
(ARAPAIMIDAE)
Plate 11. Hererotis niloticus, USNM 303214: A, dorsal view, right-side epibranchial organ removed; B, dorsal view, right side; B,
posterior view, right side reversed; C, lateral view, left side.
( ~ y Ee ; ae NZ
RecD4 —=-2*" _ > P
Ve A LZ
OD4 (cut end) ——7~— 7 7 5 ss ie
Arapaima
(ARAPAIMIDAE)
Plate 12. Arapaima gigas, USNM 177528: A, dorsal view, levators truncated, LE2 and LE3 absent; left-side TPb3-Eb2 cut away to
expose OD3 and OD4 origins (shaded areas); left-side OD3 and OD4 cut away anteriorly to expose LI2 insertion; B, posterior view, left
side; Ad4 not visible.
a = i
ye a
va - fobs v ug bie’ | ao
Pd =
hd
Ww}
Caren
2ST" Pb2-Eb2
~~ OH : Z CG CRY
So : | : ma I y
—\ g
\
Cb4
AC
Ad5
———-2 mm
Pantodon
(PANTODONTIDAE)
Plate 13. Pantodon bucholzi, USNM 353993: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 removed: B, posterior view, left side; C, dorsal view,
left-side dorsal gill-arch skeleton with insertion positions of LI2, LI3, and RD indicated; D, ventral view of right-side Eb1, Eb2, Pb2 to
reveal M. Pb2-Eb2.
s Peo
Pus! Le
- ; Vee
2 | :
7 a
e ~ =
~~ ~ “AN
ay;
_
* ~~
- o
Ve
te
| t : :
r ae |!) ya
a x i
Z < \
i "y, Pali
My"
grils ¢
oP = 7 d )
7 : i ih
. # : : '
ae Wi vawiira
P * — pam TeaAvaert) .
«i ;
a 7 :
ae
jam? gt} } Bal eA Hv, im: een
a leek ahs ~¥ oe ta i onli ——
7
a ;
i
LE2 \Yy N
Eucla : \
i, ( Yr Ye
(0) o}o >
Zt ENN)
| 5B « LAAN M. Pb2-Eb2
Lil
pe Ky °
EZ ANN AX
| Ve SX
Y AZZ
—— a
eel
G RecD4
[
zzz
Osteoglossum
(OSTEOGLOSSIDAE)
Plate 14. Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, USNM 315447: A, dorsal view, right-side LI1 removed; B, lateral view, left side, LE3 truncated
considerably.
ehh? ney Vist.’
ef Pgny?
-
a
j ,
rs ‘,
a 2
ea , - A
a Fs
ae i
7 }
; ‘,
i
cy
18),
4 ‘
i i”
ui
p i=
;
i
1
7 -
, )
|
i 7_~ —_
y
+ /
af Ji sj comm fy
(acy
yy @
Teh
iw)
Lv) nt
+2 mm—
Megalops
(MEGALOPIDAE)
Plate 15. Megalops cyprinoides, USNM 350468: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 removed and OD3 cut away; B, posterior view, left
side; C, lateral view, right side reversed.
: and , ae
{ bi) 4 i)
a7
LEAN
oa / ey, i, ) y
OD4 (cut end)
OD3 (cut end)
Pb4
BAEK Mii
ENN
Plate 16. Elops saurus, USNM 121694: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3, OD3, and OD4 cut away; B, lateral view, left side. Note:
ttachment to SPb1, forming two sheet-like layers with less extensive posterior layer incompletely
LI1 loops anteriorly from posterior a
posteriorly; LI3 on PB4 ventrally with few anterior
overlapping surface of more extensive anterior layer; LI2 on Pb3 ventrally and SPb2
fibers on SPb2.
ate!
a
Mpegs ®
wr
=
ING
| INS
Le lo S
M.UP4-Eb2
g _ a ES a
Y Ne
ee M7 Ze = or MN |
y t Fons OT NN
Y= = =< \\
Eb1-4 yy = —EN
, (=o Ny w ac:
<< — =
-— 2 mm——
Albula
(ALBULIDAE)
Plate 17. Albula vulpes?, USNM 247511: A, dorsal view, right-side OD4 cut away; note anomalous slip of muscle inserting on
dorsomedial process of Eb4 passes through right side of TPb3 and arises from hidden origin of right-side OD3; OD4 inserts dorsally
only on dorsomedial process of Eb4; B, posterior view, left side.
: :
ee BAT aes
4 ‘aati
er Has
1 Seapue o _
“4 79 h nei
wo in| “1
oY
Hy fy \y g Z
ll CL
I
oof | M.UP5-Cb4
WK
: 0
Io o /
oo oO A
2 oF [fo
9° >
Pterothrissus
(ALBULIDAE)
Plate 18. Pterothrissus gissu, FRSKU 22120: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 removed and TPb3, OD3, OD4 cut away to reveal
insertions of LI2 and LI3; B, posterior view, left side; C, lateral view, right side reversed.
.
|
' :
7
|
lal t
: ~<
oe
o
yom me
- é -
- >
a”
; -
fa { a bd
a ee
= —
—
va Medd
= i . 4 e
ey et
oo
a
—
Pe
b
+ : a
— ae
, 4
” De
1
a =
ated
|
— |
\
—
Sy
:
op
x prone. t)
ati
ANWR
ON
\ /
A \\
°
Notocanthus
(NOTACANTHIDAE)
Plate 19. Notacanthus chemnitzi, USNM 214342: A, dorsal view, right-side LE3 added (specimen anomalously lacked muscle); B,
posterior view, left side; C, lateral view, left side; note GFM overlaps Ad! dorsolaterally, continuous with Ad] ventromedially; GFMs
on second and third arches damaged, complete extent undetermined.
{
ta
: pe .
* )
| , :
: »
. J -
Yi. » 9
‘a. | : ad
+ _— = oe
ou cmeacyeena
staat nad
a ’ =
Ae q =
a _ > s
* Wy 7 - 7
\ 4) -
ai)
° .
7
e
7
ail
iA -
{ Ty
Vy f >
,
: Pi ,
“~ at
\
if oy
j hos,
cs
ok
2 \ oh eae
_ —- &£
ri ”
. as
i
F
¥ 4
;
wae
1 ; .
' } .
7 Ae
4 j
— _
—_—
i Rie ee eae ee |
* li ; 4 Wis .) wipe ¢
_ : r ‘A Pepvey YN ine
lo( Ys. Dye)
S Aan ane =
av Dy SSS ===
Si —
-——— 2 mm——“4
Aldrovandia
(HALOSAURIDAE)
Plate 20. Aldrovandia affinis, USNM 319707: dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 cut away.
=
Plate 21. Conger cinereus, A~-C, USNM 115969 (toothplates labeled according to Nelson, 1966): A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3-Eb4 and OD4
cut away; fascia-like ligament originating on medial tip of Eb4 is shown (in part) only on the left side; B, posterior view, left side; C, lateral view,
fourth arch (Eb3 uncinate process included), right side reversed; D, C. triponiceps, ANSP 106182, cleared and stained: dorsal view, left-side dorsal
gill arches, gray area indicates extent of LI2 insertion on Pb3, UP3, and UP4 based on C. cinereus.
Pin he
RY
ip
[ / |
| M.Pb2-Eb1
LEl i | | | Pb2 te
a TiAl | | ls v rn : : \ Y
| Sy ~\ \\ \
y
d4
Eb1-4
B
9
me
Conger
(CONGRIDAE)
LE3
e)
Y=
(QS fives
\\ \\ LEA
Anguilla
(ANGUILLIDAE)
Eb
Pp
SO
2G
TPb3-UP3-UP4-Eb4
ed medially to reveal M. Pb2-Eb1; B. posterior view
areas.
Anguilla rostrata, USNM 340815: A, dorsal view, right-side LI] for nedia
with insertions of LI1, LI2, and TPb3-Eb4-UP4-UPS indicated by darker shaded ar
TPb3-UP3-UP4
OD3-4
foe)
; L / ,,
s % a =" <7),
AYssS WY): OA <l ——— >
Sno ON 7, . ONES S SA
6. Oo NN - = ai Sw = Z
(SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE)
Synaphobranchus
(a:
+—2 mm——4
—>
=>
——
rsed
Plate 23. A,B, Synaphobranchus sp., USNM 316662: A,
dorsal view, left-side OD3—4 cut away; B, lateral view, right side reve
nd stained: dorsal view, left-side dorsal gill arches, M. Pb2-Eb2 indicated,
cataloged, cleared a
(SO not shown); C, S. kaupi, VIMS un
insertion
of LI2 indicated by darker shaded areas.
a - : d J { j
7 i ; ver Det 7 {
ae ¥ Vie ae
| : (fae a —— *
: : oul maa nee At :
ie = <a int (au “ee : Avoustiedte oD Sil
€ Spl Ge Salata Soiree - = - ly
ab) ail ba
et
care =
2mm
Denticeps
(DENTICIPITIDAE)
Cb5 ae
Plate 24. Denticeps clupeioides, USNM 358795: A, dorsal view, right-side LE3 removed; B, posterior view, right side reversed.
a nrentigee cmt) eee meer
i; P
oy 7 7 a - a
‘(a _ 7 ——-
TWO ae iy x
¥
aby)
LE3 insertion
LE3' insertion
LE4 insertion
LP insertion
Tlisha
LE3' (PRISTIGASTERIDAE)
Plate 25. Ilisha africana, USNM 357405: A, dorsal view, PbIs rotated anteriorly, LE3, LE3’, LE4, and LP removed from both sides,
insertions indicated by darker shaded areas on Eb4; B, posterior view, left side; C, lateral view, left side.
-—2 mm———4
Cetengraulis
(ENGRAULIDAE)
Plates 26.1, 26.2. Cetengraulis edentulus, USNM 186377: A, dorsal view, right-side LIs removed (insertions indicated), right-side
LE4 and LE4’ removed; B, lateral view, left side, LE3 removed (insertion area shown as darkly shaded area on Eb3 uncinate process)
-— 2 mm——4
Chirocentrus
(CHIROCENTRIDAE)
Plates 28.1, 28.2. Chirocentrus dorab, USNM 283241: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP removed, right-side LE3 removed; B,
posterior view, right side reversed; C, lateral view, right side reversed.
Chirocentrus
-— 2 mm——4
eo SS
WN NS OD3
eS
ie Eb2
OD4
I... WN
——4
Dussumieria
(CLUPEIDAE)
Plate 29. Dussumieria acuta, USNM 296827: A, dorsal view, left-side LI2 and LI3 removed to reveal LE2 insertion; tissue compo-
sition of pad overlying dorsoanterior ends of Pb2s and Pb3s is unknown; B, lateral view, left side, OD4 cut away to expose OD4".
at) \
hi
j
.
ly
4. on
i
4 " : i J
v eee A ; , “2
Pane - : Seat
if : ~s ars ‘ " Ws ey
Po ee ease <
Sp ’
a ee ase) J wed eel aS ai | |
COHN < GIFS qinils- m-anys @
aa ai po :
Ad
ae es as ¢ vais: i ‘1 on 7
a
2mm
+—2 mm——4
Chanos
(CHANIDAE) Cb5
cx
on
Cb5—
Plate 30. Chanos chanos, USNM 173572: A, dorsal views; left, enlarged anterior portion of gill arches and, right, reduced overall
view, right epibranchial organ removed; B, posterior view, left side; C, lateral view, lett side.
Sina?
Vinee
self
pte aby
7
ape mie
_
.
®
.
. e
*
*
»
%
i
1
®
if
Al
—_ te '
ans
*,
“é
ay
’
sti
2 mm—
Gonorynchus
(GONORYNCHIDAE)
Plate 31. Gonorhynchus moseleyi Jordan and Snyder, USNM 354590: A, dorsal view, esophagus truncated, right-side OD3 and OD4
removed, sparse SO longitudinal fibers extending anteriorly from below TPb4 to below TPb3 not shown; B, lateral view, posterior gill-
arch skeleton to show AD4. Identification of LE4 questionable; see remarks following LP in species description.
tL Ai}
(( ; Il)
tendon
Zacco
(CYPRINIDAE)
Plates 32.1, 32.2. Zacco platypus, USNM 336890: A, dorsal view: right-side RCbSE, LCb5, OD3, and OD4 removed (OD origins
on Pb3 indicated by shaded areas); fascia covering dorsoanterior SO extensions greatly simplified, cut back on right side; SO longitudinal
muscle layer not shown; B, posterior view, right-side RCb5E and LCb5 removed; C, ventral view, right-side dorsal gill-arch skeleton
showing RecD2, 3, and 4; D, lateral view, left side (enlarged inset shows autogenous bone, AB, at dorsal tip of Eb4 levator process).
ee i :
Oe red gt
“e
i e
er ee oe
Plate 33. Brycon guatemalensis, USNM 114526: A, dorsal view; B, posterior view, left side; C, dorsal view of right-side dorsal gill
arches, LI1—3 (insertion areas indicated), LE2 and 3 removed, and OD3 and 4 cut away to expose OD4’. Note: OD4’ absent in B.
melanopterus.
59) Fer
- Diplomystes
(DIPLOMYSTIDAE)
Pb3
— Dg isd : -
——$—__—— > ~. fo
2 > . 6 0,
/° o :
oa J O
S SSN :
I NS
oS
ba) DP ‘ 2 6
Os \ \ . fp
= yf AD [1
= o Wa
— SS £%5 oe
Se /)l Kae :
UT) REN eae
|
2%
I
fo)
,
TUP4p
aC...
7)
ie 7
Plate 34. Diplomystes chilensis, USNM 259097: A, dorsal view, right-side anterior CT cut away to expose cartilage; right-side OD3
and OD4 cut away to expose some underlying muscle-bone relationships; B, posterior view, left side; C, dorsal view, levators and dorsal
OP (cut)
obliques removed, but insertions of LI1—4 and origin of OD4 indicated.
o> ‘ ’ @ Ap ey ond SeonT~ = Pik alt ote wii —s
aidacemea setae pee i peer — «
@ 7 7 7 a - : :
Pb1
TPb2-Pb3-Pb4 O Boo70S
> OS Pb2 oof
Oo
“yo °
XS, AYE ES L0G)
sorae / \ S 47 oO
DIK LZ >
I /f a >
@Z\ on ee 5 8 / \ —_
© NES fe o% Fee \ =|
ONES Sag 2 = —————|=
22 HAL g Wy ——
i ee WW \\
} “| ee
LB WwW
Eb1-4
Gymnotus
(GYMNOTIDAE)
Plate 35. Gymnotus carapo, A, B, USNM 260272: A, dorsal view, right-side OD4 cut away, left-side PP fascia removed (Pb1 based
on USNM 233851); B, posterior view, left side; C, USNM 233851 (cleared and stained), dorsal gill-arches with insertions of levators
(based on USNM 260272) indicated by shaded areas.
*
.
7
e%
Ly sw
Wy ;
, it~
a7 7
ee : —-
OD) OW 4) WO Gia Byt and hi )
ee) ees [Ques <9 urs a
; 7 ae
Oncorhynchus
(SALMONIDAE)
ht-side OD3 cut away to reveal TPb3a, which joins anteroventral
Plate 36. Oncorhynchus mykiss, USNM 351540: A, dorsal view, rig
1 surface of OD3; B, posterior view, left side.
surface of OD3; TPb3a cut away to reveal origin of OD3’, which joins mid-ventra
omy ©
® +,
—e
.
|
} = — = oo)
.
~~ i anyys , abla i res || i 1
Pe lave; gave io eh:
a =
Thymallus
(SALMONIDAE)
Plate 37. Thymallus arcticus, USNM 179764: A, dorsal view; B, posterior view, left side; C, right-side dorsal gill arches with insertions
of LI1, LI2, and LI3 indicated.
EbS
e
*
.* a
6 i)
vi
*
te
Ni
4
Mi hL
it he ti se
¢
\Wos
Ebl
Q\\ op WEES
a \\ ) » A fk Zs Oo
S WVWUIN2o Oo 0 009
SOW THe
SS }
—
SO
—>
i]
lo EXC ap mii VZ
00 Oe AN 7 SZ
LZEE-
KS
ve)
Coregonus
(SALMONIDAE)
SO TV5
USNM 117488: A, dorsal view, right-side Eb3 removed and OD3 (insertion not shown) and OD4 cut
Plate 38. Coregonus artedi, moO\
away; Pbl extends dorsoposteriorly, has all bony tip dorsally; B, posterior view, left side.
*
“4
+H ——
bd »
e a
e _ i
’
) }
id
@
pty? “we tVe ) . a
1 @al ~
a he:
7 i’
i
5 : 7 Se
gl _ ;
— _ _ hl "
Nf = el 7 ear >* & } camiail —- .
=. * ere <r me poe 2 A i " BAN si «stim <cemaup ale
oes >. Gumd-+~ 7 7
- 2) as . : y 7
oe " _ fare i a : | : re | : . - '
a ce}
i
bee CR
SS S\Z-
AN \ AAA
oN
{
/ Eas
} ] Yee
4 ON «ql S-
B fai)! =
Ad: air,
OP
Af | al Y) Y
AY | [} “iff /' / / [|
Ju
LERRR™™]™?q_O0 \
Pat
Retropinna
(RETROPINNIDAE)
\
C5 ee
= ——a Z
Plate 39. Retropinna osmeroides, USNM 304419: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3p, OD3, OD4, and Op4" cut away to reveal origins
of OD4 (on Pb3) and OD4’ (on Pb4), insertions of LI2 and LI3, and attachment of TPb4-Eb4; B, posterior view, left side.
ratus, USNM 344888: A, dorsal view;
Plate 40. Galaxias au
TN vi
~
ho Soar.
Wey y
Lepidogalaxias
(GALAXIIDAE)
oO
mai —
is —
6 — SS |=—
Waitin 07
ie Wy Ki Vi
S eM (Nt rm Wi T RD
ER CAINS SSW) /:
Cb4
qa
Ad5 eM } = SO
Plate 41. Lepidogalaxias salamandroides, USNM 358461: A, dorsal view, left-side LE3 and LE4 removed, insertion areas indicated;
B, posterior view, left side.
a
‘
t
vehi
As =
——
pas :.
——
BONGO OMS
Go oO
° 9°90
=A D
SS eN \ \ x2. 0 0°
————— o %
\ | 00
San Hr 02 oo]
Sw ear) iS
S Wo O° |
N \ °°
WONG
Q'G
°4F
Zo
Plate 42. Lovettia sealei, USNM 358617: A, dorsal view, right-side LI2 and LI3 especially truncated to reveal LE2; B, left side,
Rol 5 =
a Ay 5 0
= iw oe.
SE wee
p= As] hS
= |
B
(OsMERIDAE)
\
Ad4 Oa A SK S=
o,\\\\ | Wy
K\WwWe
au 7]
RN \
0)
“ul ) Se
Ci — gy ee
Ad5
Cb4
Plate 43. Hypomesus pretiosus, USNM 357404: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3a-Eb2 cut a
OD3 and OD4 cut away to reveal LI2 and LI3 insertions; B, posterior view, right side reversed
| aie
. I
, DD WVARq NS SF
ZZZG ~~ A 2
fe ED
WES SN , aN LIB
> —om
[PX
FF AY Z
Z Ye
\ oO
\\ iN
} } )
Y
Hypomesus
-—— 2 mm———4
way to reveal OD3 origin on Pb3; right-side
Sa \\ Ya =
= <<} "0 a .
= ae QA ALAN Pepe prare
Zz), aN SS SESS
<2) f RE 6. a a ae
AANS Yee) | CN ee
Saas NG 5 oS
Z MX HWee >?
G YS Apri Atl Wee? ery
SQ 7 WWE OS Qo
8 EAS cde 2
a7
Tho
sence
Sevce
ens Uy
CS
Argentina
(ARGENTINIDAE)
Plate 44. Argentina brucei, USNM 238005: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3 and OD4 cut away to reveal insertions of LI2 and LI3;
right-side LE4 removed; B, posterior view, left side; C, lateral view, right side reversed.
oe ae J SV Gw ey Ge igh wt kee, |
P= =P) © af lh te ‘o
OD3
(cut end)
—
Pb4
Eb4
= 1 ae
‘bMN\V
i
y
= S| || : N Ve
ES Giife on 5
y E = °
Ni 0° 8
y a Pee eC oN
2 © Bor ba
(i =)
Z
f
\
t/
°
Ml
3
5
\
Alepocephalus
(ALEPOCEPHALIDAE)
Plate 45. Alepocephalus tenebrosus, USNM 215582:
Ad4
A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3p-Pb4 and OD3 cut away to reveal Pb3 and Pb4
and insertions of LI2 and LI3; B, posterior view, left side, Ad5 occludes view of AC, tendon
attaches AC to Eb5 ventromedial corner;
C, lateral view, left side. Attachments of LE1 and LI! to SPbl released.
®
e >
® Ls
* —
«
be
le
. -
>
>
« 7 -\
4 Ge _ ty }
_ = :
nA 7
Oe :
iy ——
* o-..
@ ” 1 7 7 7 *.
"S.No ibe a
2 ' Me _ = ¥,% < F -
- on | ta a
yo ae ' it “= 4a
a , awh ey ,
lied Her1ad were >
7 -
ue yor iia ty <9" “pen a ees re
ine el etiian GS ete) otis. <aiee Yt -o. Sadia OP er Wirt oll i
: a 7 i. Vee ©8 4 encui
J oD - : - ae _ _
an 7
IWIN \
r
ee
M5
Y
Y
° Y
°
0” \\\V /-
ole .
a \
YN
ors WN ATA
: aN Iii
HN
SVD aN
NAN
Searsia
(PLATYTROCTIDAE)
iew, right-side TPb3p-Pb4-Eb4 and OD3 cut away to reveal insertions of LIs;
Plate 46. Searsia koefoedi, USNM 206873: A, dorsal v : eae
left-side SPb1 and SPb2 occluded from view by surrounding Lis; B, posterior view, right side reversed; C, lateral view, left side.
ieee @
pa iii P ii as re eo SF OP eS ies
ew 5 seen an Sinn
\
SSDS
SN Xx
MW oro Spee g
SS Neel
yr aren Bete
Ti \ieeN\Olowe)
ps > -\o 053
{;) Geen
\ \ \ ZS
Ad4+OP
J /- J IS
> | IS
oem 4 ks
IN
WAS
Sh
SSF
CoN
Of BIN yt
ARES SS ft,"
j Wey 1th
(Esociwae)
ON
C4 ie Ay
XS A
WAAAY
ER
Plate 47. Esox niger, USNM 355803: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb3a, OD3, and OD4 cut away to reveal origin of OD3 and
insertions of LI2 and LI3 (origins unite dorsally); B, posterior view, left side, Ad4 and OP inseparable.
See)
«
=
260)
he °
f-: 2 Oo
° BEER ENO OG yom 0°
PAG. peta “3
Lh°o ee Se ’
5 / Moe :
fo} °o
° = 5
—\ OOO iff DTN
—- SS Ee Of (NN \ Bees >
=o) s/o MK. ae .
OOOO Til Raa NEE NEN Ti x SOBER
———— SSG. 2g C fie 5 i ve
SSE OF . oo S ZY
° \fA: apr — 252
mee AN 002
5 S i
Novumbra
(UmBrRIDAE)
M. Pb3-Eb3
Plate 48. Novumbra hubbsi, USNM 357403 (see description): A, larger specimen, dorsal view: right-side OD3—4 and OD4' cut away
to reveal TPb3p attachment and LI2 and LI3 insertions; M. Pb3-Eb3 occluded from view; B, C, smaller specimen: B, posterior view, left
side; C, lateral view, left-side Pb3 and Eb3 to show attachments of M. Pb3-Eb3.
mci
\
esa ea bale;
Wohnen
(AS)
Plate 49. Umbra pygmaea se Ain seer aan compe eap ence
, USNM 343617: A, dorsal view, right-side OD4 cut away t
anteriorly; B, posterior view, left sid
i
hand) (oe) oo
pore » saiur Br
— > oe
76
7 es : ,
| - a 7 = : ie
Diplophos
(DiPLoPHIDAE)
+— 2 mm ——4
=
tS
sT oe
oo i IL aay) AA
TILAK
AW peo =
SMAI OE es ~ AD
I) eee LL
LING. ee ty
OD4'
OD3
op4 wiry We Ves
Nita AAA op
DN A A na
= aS \ y7)\ B\
—~ FN yp sy —— Eb 14
ao a \ le
Ad5
raphe
Plate 50. Diplophos taenia, USNM 206614: dorsal views, A, complete view; B, view with several muscles cut away to reveal
underlying structures and muscle connections (note: asymmetry at posterior end allows AD4 and OP to be visible on right side, but not
on left side; RD inserts on medial edge of UP5).
> &
eliy
- ajar _—
ne Ga) @
i]
Maurolicus
(STERNOPTYCHIDAE)
mf. \
Z NZ
QA iff
Ge \/
Plate 51. Maurolicaus muelleri, USNM 323033: A, dorsal view, PbIs rotated anteriorly; B, posterior view, right side reversed.
-—2 mm——4
Gonostoma
(GONOSTOMATIDAE)
Plates 52.1, 52.2. Gonostoma elongatum, USNM 330309: A, dorsal view; B, posterior view, left side, RDs removed nearly to their
insertions and bones spread to clarify muscle attachments; LE4 removed; C, lateral view, right side reversed.
Gonostoma
LEl
\
wy 8H
\
Woe Snag
_ | 7
(cut ye Nil ld y
\y
‘| \
TAY
‘
Jil
Md
1.
7
ih iy
ty +
\ Wey
He ie
~ /
A 0,
oo Me
rca A s
4
5 fo}
Cael
Ateleopus
(ATELEOPODIDAE)
Oo
oN ISS
Cbs ——22 ma
27 OD4
(cut end)
Plate 53. A, B, Ateleopus loppei, USNM 349721: A, dorsal view, left-side OD4 cut away to reveal insertions of LI2 and LI3; B,
posterior view, left side; C, Ateleopodidae, USNM 361124: dorsal view, left-side dorsal gill arches with most muscles removed or cut
away to reveal insertions of LI2 and LIB.
A020
SS
1G)
of S—
Plate 54. Aulopus filamentosus, USNM 313689: A, dorsal view, right-side TEb2, TPb3’, TPb4, TEb4 cut away to reveal underlying
RD; right-side OD3 and OD4 cut away to reveal insertions of LI2 and LI3 (OD3 insertion site indicated by shaded area); right-side LE3
and LE4 removed (insertions indicated by shaded areas); right-side Pb1 rotated anteriorly; B, posterior view, left side.
Saurida
(SYNODONTIDAE)
«\
rs SA | \
Plate 55. Saurida gracilis, USNM 140822: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 removed; B, posterior view, right side reversed; C, right-
side dorsal gill arches, insertions of LI1-LI3 indicated on Pb2. Pb3, and UPS, respectively; transverse dorsalis muscles cut away except
near their attachments on Pb2, Eb2, Eb3, and Eb4.
1
Pb
Pa
——
‘oe
4, of
[PS i eZ Sng
| Y)
} Ss = = f5
| A fa ——S} = — Po Z
4 Log
B Le LD = q
/ (> ———— —TEb =
a — —$<—=
<——<— =
Gg y LE
4)
Chlorophthalmus
(CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE)
Plate 56. Chloropthalmus agassiz, A, USNM 357798: dorsal view, right-side OD3 and OD4 cut away; B, USNM 159379, posterior
view, left side.
Q«~W——
Qo — +r >
e's SSS -ee.
ss x4 —
Ss =
‘
Neoscopelus
(NEOSCOPELIDAE)
-—— 2 mm ———4
Lampanyctus
(MyctopuipaAr)
A&B
>a LE2
y,
9
VA a2 aii Pb4
77 We VL
WET
/
x \ sO
: Pb3
LE4
A/ J! A
TPb3 1 a SS oe
A
7) [’
li
2S ys
cal el
== EN
ENS ad h
= = \
Zi KN
WSN
Oe WAH
\
—<—=_
SS
y=
| \y Le Yj\\\
L2
Plate 58. A, B, Lampanyctus macdonaldi, USNM 303167: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb2p and TEb2 cut away to reveal attachment
of SO longitudinal muscle insertion on Pb3; B, posteri
or view, right side reversed. C, Diaphus mollis, USNM 300877: dorsal view, left-
side, TPb3 removed and RD’ and longitudinal SO muscle fibers deflected medially to reveal connections of RD and RD’.
ee ee
>
i \
y 4 ]
\
y i
:
7
‘
| .
rs
: ange , ———
“,
7 —
\ — a
‘. | UJ
— ues
a - i ;
? an ~~ * aiinedt\ > ee .
, Pa =
* tee sg #4
aie ak ivi ’ it ij———
ao) i ¢ ¢ fhe Pia Z
are > a Pippa Kp han
_
S
=i) 1) qa 09 CA, Ny F44! Nee ap: (niles sealten iu dosnt MVE? Gh Bowe, iu
oe eres
t 7 > =
_ . a i:
“en? : \
C42
HAI 3
S \
\ Ad j ee
Sat Te
OD
NG: e
ENS : LVY Vo
ZZ : V7 7 THEO 22) (cut end)
ail 3 Wij ®_Ac3
Eb1-4
Velifer
(Veliferidae)
Plate 59. Velifer sp., NSMT-P-59516: A, dorsal view; right-side dorsal CT pad removed, TEb2 cut away, OD3—4 bisected, and PP
fascia removed. B, posterior view, left side.
en oe ee
: 2
Z ot ol 2
, 7 —
- _ oO
— om 2
0 2)
t —— —s
7 -
. bd .
ra
7
WW iy ==
, 00 KSSH
7
ANAT ee
A Y (ae
ofl
Eb1-4 CA
M] W72z
—=S
-—2 mm—
Lampris LE2'
(Lampridae) ES . \ \ ‘
B Hy
\
it] \
SWZ
L2—
ED ll, ll \iN \= —
| : AU = ‘ap LN
lig +> \
Plate 60. Lampris guttatus, SIO 80-72: A, dorsal yiew, left-side LE3-LE4-LP complex removed, right-side LE2 removed and illustrated
in place of left side LE2 (see remarks following LE2 in Lampris description). B, lateral view, right side reversed.
LE1
\
OD.
mz
is eA WX NAN NS Pb4
NN ell. SA NAN AA
= \ SAU EE NGS ay
Polymixia
(Polymixiidae)
\
ike
uuu °°P
Plate 61. Polymixia lowei, USNM 202153: A, dorsal view; right-side OD3—4 and TPb3-Eb3 cut away; M. SO-Pb3 indicated only by
i tendi p ior view, left side (note small levator process at junction of PP fascia with LE4
oan
mies iwi = a i Ay the » oot sl wait. f
wh He ee oe ine Pag mm 3
qian
s
\
o
“£
un
sora)
9 fi
3 7
a) |
i |
| ni
j
? P
fe,
a ay
jal At
. io _ 7 :
as an on
is | — r
t ( in anit a
| us
mo.
4) :
ve einitd oye) cometh’ Te }
id
Uh A a
LY Z
| Zz Aor
ae TW \ AN VY 4
CWA
\
\\Wex
NUTS
AS SSS
WS |
sx
_ ————_>_ = =
Sr ==
RE SOSePRD | ee Renee ts
Aphredoderus
(Aphredoderidae)
OD4
f Z2>,
} i =
|
allt
a NN -
ZENS
N
|
——
Plate 62. Aphredoderus sayanus, USNM 238477: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 cut away and LE4, LP, and padlike CT encasing
Pb2 and Eb! uncinate processes (cartilage) removed, OD obscured from view. B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view of LI2 showing
insertion on Pb3, Pb4, and UP4, right side reversed. .
‘@e@ ° een oe
eran
é > 7
° .
é »
+ Mih = —
+ JP 0 | a
° ie a 7
P mal ae \. ey ;
*
e
9 *
oi”
¥ ‘
-_ . Om
en Pee
ipAr yi
ee qj
7 4 j
le oul
baa = :
“Awe Y
eV? 1? |
Bf 0) i i
re Yes wl fiiaed Laem A oe Gal) pve <0 =) yp —_
0 Pa Ch) 1) “eh oo) oe af .s re ‘ear = =
=v
> 4
a. =39 a
mt
QQ S=
\SS Ws OD4
-— 2 mm —“41
Percopsis
(Percopsidae)
Plate 63. Percopsis omiscomaycus, USNM 179711: A, dorsal view, CT attaching to raphe at TPb2 mid-line not shown, right-side
OD4 bisected and LE4 and LP removed. B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view, left side.
(=
_
TPb2d
TPb2v
Taphe
—— Ske
= ili 1A i ; i
SS — = =
=r
Chologaster
(Amblyopsidae)
ac}
(on
mS
io)
. - :
7 7 - ; - 7 ; ad: ‘
{ot .1/ Nowe Geen ice ey) saa Le be aAveit J) © vga
: 7 7 y <a _ dap, Ale Tink a a
m ; - ; 7 - = = a _
7 a 5 = SS x ' 7 -
he o> | ary sae a
=
I IN
2 mm—
Dicrolene
(Ophidiidae)
Plate 65. Dicrolene intronigra, USNM 362557: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 cut away and LE1, LE3, and LE4 removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed.
Hy
i
J} _-HhjU Gaye
vv
ane iP Pia ya eit
-—2 mm—
Raniceps
(Ranicipitidae)
: \ \\
ooN\ \ | \
: AMA TH
Plate 66. Raniceps raninus, USNM 345222: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by shading).
B, posterior view, left side.
ism
TIP VV)
TTI
a
| | WH
+—— 2 mm ———4
Opsanus
(Batrachoididae)
Plate 67. Opsanus beta, USNM 301938: A, dorsal view. B, posterior view, left side, PCI removed (see remarks following OP in
species account for description of relationships between PCI and OP and Ad5).
RD | |
q Chaunax
LE4 tl
IM
Fb3 | AN \
il) . ‘ Le
i if Nh i) SA soe
° vi) I
HLL
|
//
° \ 7 /
° "i Z =~
— &
HEE ees Sol_i(i5))
OS yy | /
\
. |
° /
Z 2 | \
i) SN / / \ } \
\ Sl) \\Ni \\
SOS = WH) \\
\
Plate 68. Chaunax pictus, USNM 187852: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 removed (insertion position indicated by shading). B,
posterior view, right side reversed. C, anterolateral view, left side.
+—2 mm—i
Poromitra
(Melamphaidae)
RD
N = the
SO
Plate 69. Poromitra capito, USNM 258325: A, dorsal view, right-side LP and LE4 removed (insertion positions indicated by shading).
B, posterior view, left side, LP deflected laterally.
* - : iM:
\ ~ ie . ; a
° a
-_ =
ee
vie :
. / a _ 7
oa
. an
bl e
. 8 . ;
sO Gibberichthys
NNT AN
lA Hif\\ (Gibberichthyidae)
Plate 70. Gibberichthys pumilus, USNM 217207: A, dorsal view. B, poste
with approximate positions of muscle insertions on Pb3 indicated by shading, right-side reversed
‘@ 0°? Ss
e
ae ; a ee
a » »
es ._™/.
MT) @
. b |
e he
—= Uf
e ry
7
{
* 3 4 ray *
+ Mi
'
. i |
f ee r
*
I \ |
¥ — ¢
, 4 f 7 oe | 5 Y
Ft ve lis y ~~ -
a | . -
~~ "| a
’ - ey
> 7 : dudes ry i
. eee ae - _
win» ea Ty cae a ual
Ce # aaa
om
sO Lis
A C=
Stephanoberyx aa
(Stephanoberycidae) Cb5
P
Plate 71. Stephanoberyx monae, USNM 304376: A, dorsal view, right side LE3, LE4, and LP removed, (insertion positions indicated
\ ight side reversed. C, dorsal view left side, OD3 and cut away to reveal underlying OD3’, anterior
by shading). B, posterior view, rig
ortion of TPb2 cut away to reveal LI] insertion.
:
a -— Pe gam); hs Ss il uw cea ti ile ei
=) Gtk NT qi pa hi ce JS Gee HA) chile Ge eee dry a4
[-=—_—z
Zp
_ ze SO (to Pb4)
/ X= —— SO (to Pb3)
i
os ||! SS ee
=~
| =
x : pees —| 42 Z Slee
Opa a so Zl Za $ Nese
MA Zs NZ} SN a
wh ZA SN SS
Ni/ N\ \Z FB RY es
|
SO branch
(joins with TPb3)
2O09 :
2% i SI
oo SS
Ooh os NS
00 0 —)
(fe) =
hy
Ci sop RD
\ \ AEE 920-0 NE
fox \ azz (eoccrs aosese )—— SO branch
B SET Zi ERE (joins with TPb3)
FF =
Barbourisia
(Barbourisiidae)
-2 mm
Ny
\
Nin QQ Qn
Sif \\NS WAN
yan MAN iI
ANS
: d5 S
SS
Cb5
Plate 72. Barbourisia rufa, AMNH 29772: A, dorsal view: (only left-side gill arches available for study). A, posterior view, left side,
levators forced laterally.
Rondeletia
(Rondeletiidae)
Plate 73. Rondeletia loricata, USNM 206836: A, dorsal view. right-side TPb2 and TPb3 cut away to reveal insertion of LI] on Pb2
and Pb3 and insertion of RD on Pb3. B, posterior view, left side.
\ rl -—I\\ la
(Cetomimidae) (cut)
Diropichihys 5 zu: FEA diverticulum =
ry he a‘ Ae Ne
( AG (i eae
SAL rant
= Tea
Plate 74. Ditropichthys storeri, SIO 64-24-25: A, dor sal view » openin of diverticula not detailed. B, posterior view, left side. C,
dorsal view, right-side: LE4 and oe removed (insertion positions indic mae dy shading); TPb2, TEb2, TEb3, TEb4, SOD, and OD3-—4
cut away to reveal M. SO-Pb3, RD insertion on Pb3, and epibra vai al attachments of TEb3, TEb4, and OD3-—4. Absence of LEI! should
be verified eee specimen.
® s : ie
~ | N :
)
ry \
we .
‘A
a
\
¥
y 4
6,
é —)
- “/ i TRAS a
a : ’ a
“ e
> »
ey ee) a> © Sy) Om Hawi ~ : I a ‘iby
ac aj ' AVMs @ 04 4e eS e4 & on Live }45 iim
ae — =) i een laa Berri PR Oe ag oz wer
nd
LI2
LE2
CS
SZ SSS
° 20 Za
Eb3-Eb
oO
puuiit.c .\__ QP +0
ho NT nag
| eel aca
} =O)
a
—}>
\
\
Vata
VV ANAS
\ \ WN
— SS \ \
y \
\
1] N VS
/ \\ \ ‘\
\ N
ES KW: RAS
Sa 0D
Hf \.. Paw) OD3
NO oy
Allocyttus
(Oreosomatidae)
\\ \
YW S
\W y et
MCYESO 2
WA a.
) INIA S =
\ \
lh YASS 2
; VL WW SS
\ N \ S
MQ
Yy\\\\ \ \ S
LEI— aan
Lil a) : x
Vn MULL nes
=S>
Ss
||—=F
Plate 76. Allocyttus verrucosus, USNM 329365, levators variously truncated or unmodified: A, dorsal view (skewness of muscles
probably abnormal), TPb3 not visible; right-side OD3 and OD3’ bisected, note anomalous muscle slip on Eb1; left-side CT pad removed
from TPb2; B, posterior view, right side reversed; C, lateral view, left side.
ia) om Ieee / iui eer
areauiillhe & gt mie
e » ©
e ~
®
e* «
’
®
.
%
1 v
e - ret) .
@
a .
@
2
_—s
a 7
) ~ |
Fut) OOM
.
7 eee {=
Ww ee tly) =r wh iv ney
_ Bs ’ ‘ ont <iain
7
a
Xenolepidichthys
(Grammicolepidae)
Plate 77. Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi, USNM 341954: A, dorsal view, lateral ends of Ebl and Eb2 on both sides pivoted slightly
anteriorly. B, posterior view, left side.
e
" .
7
®
e* *
*
& =
. =
\ y bh Sg
e 9 : } i. bi‘
e a
~~ oe) = =
‘ * ;
~~»
r
\
”
i ">
} fl
j
!
|
7 fe id
Lan
’
—
‘4 i
, j
J +
o _ 1 :
7
Hy ;
a! | rams : *
: any
he 7
‘ mi Acw ee
ELTA Morte) IC
v . os
- cM 4 (oelicaloabing
> + | a
- ona : =" 7
eo eee es ee wre ul, TAL oh Soh (sheng
= = te 7 7 eof ie
7 + ae
a) a es. =
Sy?
—\\
Lig
Eb3-Eb4
LE4
P
O
Ad4
Ad5
-———— 2 mm
Wipe ee EDS -EbA C apros
dW _|(—==S (Caproidae)
Plate 78. Capros aper, USNM 289207: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3 and OD3’ bisected; right-side LE2, LE3, and LE4 removed,
insertion positions shown by shading; left-side Pb2-Eb! ligament removed. B, posterior view, left side.
AR
se NP
Parahollardia
(Triacanthodidae)
LI2
0 | Lil
rN iS r RD me) 4
\ Yy Y= sop Ls Ls
AT Y gi wee
GFM1-3 ~~ SS
AN
Plate 79. Parahollardia lineata, USNM 287252: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 cut away to reveal underlying muscle attachments
and LE4, LP, and GFMs removed (joint LE4-LP insertion position indicated by shading). B, posterior view: right-side reversed. C, lateral
view, left side.
-— 2 mm———4
Mene
(Menidae)
LE4+LP+PP
insertion
OP lat & mid
__LE3 Zz
insertion Ge c>
LE4+LP+PP - i AR i
insertion J
EN a
Plates 80.1, 80.2. Mene maculata, USNM 347107: A, dorsal view, right-side LI1 removed, CT pad on mid-line of TEb2 cut away,
LE4-LP-PP removed (insertion position indicated by shading), Eb1s pivoted slightly anteriorly (breaking articulation with I[AC2 (see B).
B, dorsal view (as in A), right-side TEb2 and both LE3s removed (LE3 insertion positions indicated by shading), both OD3s and OD3’s
bisected; articulation of IAC2 with underlying Pb2 not shown. C, posterior view, left side, LE4-LP truncated, PP removed; Ad5 attaches
to CBS, OP lat tendon, AC4, Cb4 posterodistally; ER present, not visible in view. D, lateral view, left side, portion of CT associated
with LP + PP cut away to reveal Ad5 and Cb5; RecD2 not visible.
7 *
*
e* «
«
*
°
iii »*
.
: *’
i . i
+ - f veil i @< »
t a ne vt ; —a> ° a —*
pe ee | 2 die oy ‘Ap oe 2 eae
(wa) + j >. BA 9) Gite @*
P 7 : a 7
a a
a <) °
=o ; 7 sed -
i a . 7 a 7 ' 7
fi 7 a) ~ 2 ne on
’ on 7 - - : . a =
mS * Gace fi
Hoplostethus
(Trachichthyidae)
Plate 81. Hoplostethus mediterraneus, USNM 307273: A, dorsal view; right-side modifications: CT cut away to reveal thin sheet of
muscle fibers composing TPb2’, OD3—4 cut away to reveal attachments of TPb3-Eb3 and LI2, Pb1 forced anteriorly, LE4 forced
posteriorly. B, left-side posterior view. C, left-side lateral view.
°
*
.
, »
4 =
=
iy _
: _
_
_ :
rT.” a 2
al 4 ann om? m4 7 - x 7
«3 —_—aae.
Y ae - ver - - i
; se a
a
A
_
—
LDL
A.
*
a fh 2
7
Pa
\ \
eS aN penne.
i{\
(ee
—
Plate 82. Beryx splendens, USNM 306143: A, dorsal view: right side OD3—4 cut away (anterior part not shown) to reveal insertion
of LI2 and attachments of TPb3-Eb3 and TPb4. B, posterior view, right side reversed. C, lateral view, left side.
j
an - ji—as
ri Rye oF -
=
— 7
_
>
> how Sin
i ss ‘
-
e
7
)
ye
aith » «©
mer
hi
iw
=¢ st i Ml,
y
Centroberyx
(Berycidae)
Plate 83. Centroberyx affinis, USNM 176984: dorsal view; right-side dorsal CT sheets cut away, Pb1 forced anteriorly, and OD3-—4.
Posterior view, not shown, is like that of Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Plate 81B.
a
Se
aN 2s Eb3
Holocentrus
(Holocentridae)
Plate 84. Holocentrus adscensionis, USNM 345408: A, dorsal view, right-side dorsal CT sheet cut away, OD3—4 cut away (to reveal
attachments of LI2 and TPb3-Eb4), LP forced posterolaterally to reveal tendinous connection to LE4. B, posterior view: right side,
reversed.
WA
WS att an
LOA 7 _ op
2 mm———41
Anomalops
(Anomalopidae)
m4 Vl
\ x
\ Vasyl
MT AN
aa \ a
Vira LE
MN (| Wi
Win ns y
\ Ory A
Ma \(f7
ve \
\\ \ : SN //
VN /
ute IAC and PP and associated CT not shown, right-side OD3—4
Plate 85. Anomalops katoptron, SIO-75-466: A, dorsal view, min
shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed.
cut away and LE4 and LP removed (joined insertion positions indicated by
Z == \ 2 - = S
—\\ ae
ie
_—_>
Na
NE is
ee Lil ;
\
AI \
Va a JNWE cA.
SiN L& Macroramphosus =
Ai (Centriscidae)
ax: A, USNM 366546: dorsal view. GFM1 and 2 removed on both sides, right-side CT pad removed
view. left side, with LE4 and LP added from USNM 366546. C,
Plate 86. Macroramphosus scolop
and TEb2 bisected, OD3’ not visible. B, USNM 158813, posterio!
USNM 366546 and 158813, composite left-side lateral view.
es
*
*
.
6
e *.
.
7 i
-
oo te inion nnll
mje © 7
_ _ a
ee es
“eMart aA Great 0 don F ce Ohh >
: a
a
C7 i -
=
i*
TONS UNI
Se"
Gasterosteus
(Gasterosteidae)
WA
2 |
Cb5 SN
Bot —{\
Ad5B—SSS
Plate 87. Gasterosteus aculeatus, USNM 344603: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and right-side LE2 removed (insertion positions
indicated by shading), right-side OD3-4 cut away. B, posterior view, right side reversed: Ad4 and Ad5 obscured from view.
* .
2
.* °
e
*
cy
} ." .
6 7
°
~*s
6 i
7 ‘-
’ ae
' 7 -
7m :
; fT) = > i
| - a a .
a — - :
| is wae oa
: , = . » .
ihe a Z : Ms oo
°
a\ Anes /
WSF
PA\ yy
\\ \ . | | | zp =
| Lye
as
Hypoptychus
(Hypoptychidae)
Plate 88. Hypoptychus dybowskii, UW 29655: dorsal view, composite based on three specimens.
oa
ZE \ =
La |
PSS \t;
ONS: rs
wei e /
é Bel
\ /
| T
‘i
ey,
M S
LEA ere
OND,
LP Wy fff |
i
Eb4 |
é
Aulichthys
(Hypoptychidae)
Plate 89. Aulichthys japonicus, USNM 347504: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading). B, posterior view, left side.
@
*
*
°
*
i] e
i ~*~
my
; - ar 4s ‘
a @ 7 —_"
7 7 : 7
7 a r
=
Wire
.
SS \
———————————SE FAP = ~
SS QV caf ne
7 \\ ji
Ea . \
LT Pb3-Eb3-Eb4 \\
y g ——_—$—<_- ~
LE4——_ |, !
Ad3
Aulorhynchus
(Aulorhynchidae)
Lp“ nee =e Lx
IGA 7
i ( Wie <A
raphe oa \\\iIH If aeeslesesess:
Eb4 yy \ \|| !
Plate 90. Aulorhynchus flavidus, USNM 344688: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated E
shading) and OD3—4 bisected to reveal OD3’. B, posterior view, left side.
s
*
*
Nj s”
|
: *
A sq oe a — s
° 7
_
i;
: i) 7
+A a
SSS SS =
—- ———— SSX
7 — 1 E03 ——
=—_
V) Yj OD3-4
J
)\— Eb4
2 mn
Synbranchus
- (Synbranchidae)
Plate 91. Synbranchus marmoratus, USNM 31 1207: A, dorsal view; right-side OD3—4 bisected; note anomalous TD muscle strand.
B, lateral view, left side. Rendition of ligaments should be verified; see additional remarks following descriptive account).
*
e
9 .
‘ *
.
> 2 Lvl - = ao
“a”
sf i
jail en =e ieee © eae e ae sae ?
[ete-=@ Guar O “faye mele eéayeaie ao ee 40 ,
= a <a>
"
Mastacembelus
(Mastacembelidae)
Plate 92. Mastacembelus armatus, USNM 319465: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 removed (insertion position indicated by shading)
and OD3-4 bisected. B, posterior view. C, lateral view, right side reversed.
: ———
- — 7 7 — Heishdliy's. —
" v oa i = mw ~ a - ys ; Gos ne 1m > =u- IK dip T -
: La Oe ae : : ;
SSS Swe ot
=i
So
2 mm ——_————_—______}
Elassoma
(Elassomatidae)
Plate 93. Elassoma zonatum, USNM 173343: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected and LE4 removed (insertion position indicated
by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
i ©
7 -
a -
| Se
® - a
= \ — <n) oe me a) Peet 5 Wh 2
’ : 7 ia 7 ma lan
ty
La
s
WZ
-——__) ge De
Ag onostomus
(Mugilidae)
Hi |
op —— AlN
“Al RTT TI Il}, I S =
Mt | | | I//' Sys a
Plate 94. Agonostomus monticola, USNM 322336: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb2d bisected to reveal underlying structures; left-side
LE3, LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by shading), all other levators greatly truncated. B, posterior view, right side
reversed. Note: SOD present or absent, see description.
3 °
YY Wit) NN Ad s
V\\\\ iy Be
| / /
mr
Mentdia
(Atherinidae)
(Bedotiidae)
+——. 2 mm —— ——— 2 1th ae
Plates 95.1, 95.2. A, B, D, Menidia peninsulae, USNM 160465: A, dorsal view, levators truncated, right-side OD4 cut away, LP
removed (insertion indicated by shading), Ad4 present but obscured in all views; CT represents ligament-like thickening of lateral edge
of CT roofing pharynx. B, posterior view. LP pushed anteriorly. D, frontal view. C, Bedotia species, USNM
301513: posterior view, LP
rotated clockwise.
Menidia
Rivulus
(Aplocheilidae)
WINN \ VA XX
VES
Plate 96. Rivulus marmoratus, USNM 293487: A, dorsal view, right-side dorsalmost CT cut away to expose CT covering Pb3
articulating facet (medial edge of facet indicated by dotted line), right-side LE4 and LP retracted (LP becomes hidden) to reveal LE3
insertion on Eb3 and ligament extending between Eb3 and Eb4. B, posterior view, LP rotated clockwise to reveal underlying muscles.
N 3 oir oe “be Ya
i
\ : ° \0 0 0 7 if / ff /f Y/ Ye E
i) a WniAKc Lip Ll
Wa 7; yf Wf '
YY
WY
Yj 4
=
Cyprinodon
(Cyprinodotidae)
Plate 97. Cyprinodon variegatus, USNM 107023: A, dorsal view, right-side of CT pad removed; left-side LE4’ and LE4 pulled
posteriorly to reveal underlying muscle attachments and ligament; LE2’ inserts on ligament extending from Eb2 to Cb3; LII inserts on
Pb3. B, posterior view, right side reversed, LP rotated clockwise.
6
a M. Eb1-IAC
Siow
g ony
/ 4
é
E
b
VU 0
ad
Ii.
LEl
y ~
Y Up,
/ / Or
///// ff} [
/ / :
/
AX Z ZZ R
Z “CGF /|
EM SX AANA —— Se a GE
. Y\ \ \ <7 Z;
EN NaN Z =
2) NEN S Ye
eyapecsN a)
° hf
E> ° 0
co) \ °
\
lull J as
NaN
BEAN \ \\ 3 \
S f-
\\ ANNU
soll \ \
AA oo eee : “yf i
Sire aw 77
\ MO Stn Yf
Ne ~ Ra
SS S \ Y CS
WN py Be
Aij\ 2
AW WA
\
Xenopoecilus
(Adrianichthyidae)
Plate 98. Xenopoecilus oophorus, USNM 340431: A, dorsal view. left-side LCb5 rotated laterally, GFMs removed, IAC obscured
from view by LE1. B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view, left side, LP rotated clockwise, Eb3 released from distal end of Cb4.
iimey qe / bie ail)
— Ser i
oe
_ a -
_ =
7 :
ee ae
ee i VV te raphe
Oi-aOec)
D4
(anomalous)
SS== = \\
ma
SS
Tylosurus
(Belonidae)
128454: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb2 and TPb2’ cut away to reveal
rsed. Eb4 flange present, but unapparent. See description of OP in species
Plate 99. Tylosurus crocodilus, composite, mostly from USNM
TPb3, LE4-LP complex aberrant. B, lateral view, right side reve
account for questionable interpretation of Ad5 and OP.
=
Plate 100. Cololabis saira, USNM 320999: A, dorsal view, right-side TPb2 cut away to reveal Pb3 and TPb3a (TPb2 attachment area shown in
gray on Pb2), dorsal CT layer overlying Pb3 articulating facets cut away on right side to reveal ventral CT layer and attachments of OD4 and TPb3a
(medial edges of Pb3 facets shown by dashed lines), right-side LP pulled posteriorly to reveal LE4 insertion (note: LEI inserts on tendon extending
from medial tip of Eb1 to tip of uncinate process). B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view, left side, LE] and Eb1 tendon removed. (Identification
of OP and Ad5 problematic).
(Scomberesocidae)
-— 2 mm ——
Cololabis
°o
wa
- L411, ea
LEE SN ERG UAE Ear en |
Az SS cena is A }
ELLIE Ses bey Cte
~
2 [oe oe
= — a
a NS | SSW 5EE"F
N SY ZZ
5 = “I
SAY
SC OORSS
Cb1-4
ill | Il Yi
IN et
LWW
Hemiramphus
(Hemiramphidae)
| \ Wi)
y oo a
|
}
. | WW F9tc
AdS——_ WY TY
LE4+OP
Plate 101. Hemiramphus far, USNM 294231: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 rotated counterclockwise (pulled away from fusion with
OP) to reveal underlying muscles (Pb3 facet surface covered by fibrocartilage?); LE] insertion more distal than illustrated. B. posterior
view, right side reversed. C, lateral view: right side reversed (ACI added from left side).
Ara! /') y vi =
eA \ i} yal iy; \
FF ei; 144, \\\V yy : x\
Wi W/TPb2. ////#=—S
K an ) yy
NAGS // ——
VC \\ WH
RRNA MLLy)\ / iE
\ \ S |, -_—
\N XS A
=S X
<yy \! Hwy
i p
ZE
\ rae
Hatley XK SEZ
yes WY CE
alli A
= z
-—— 2 mm ——4
Synagrops
(Acropomatidae)
S$
De i; .
Plate 102. Synagrops bellus, USNM 359306: A, dorsal view, right-side CT removed, OD3~4 bisected; B. posterior view, right side
reversed.
RS
ee
\\ By
WP
FANS \
oO S SMI
~<a SS
Macquaria
(Percichthyidae)
C4)
cal
raphe ll !
Plate 103. Macquaria colonorum, USNM 59968: A, dorsal view. dorsal CT trimmed, right-side OD3—4 cut away and LE4 and LP
removed (insertion positions indicated by shading). B. posterior view, right side reversed.
Eb1-4
Ns
<= ee
Nesrii
i. ~ /j
) ETP b3-Eb3-E
_P— >
)
|
\
1)
)
|
ny
Mitt
yy)
)
|
1
\
|
=
——S> =
Leptobrama
(Leptobramidae)
Plate 104. Leptobrama muelleri, WAM P.556-001: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4, 3’ bisected, LE4 and LP removed (insertion
Positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
Ly
Plate 105. Lates niloticus, USNM 332870: A, dorsal view, left-side OD3—4 bisected, CT covering TDA removed. B, posterior view,
a ; , 332870: A,
right side reversed.
. =
on
a, eo
- _ Oy
40 Ve
° ;
ee Re By ae
—% vy << ¥,'
. . “ai
Ss
|
. ’ .
s 1
; i‘
° ® tea
P
e ri
.
a
'
a |
Z
,
>
a *
/
; ee
é =—* lie My ode | .1e cou) 4) hie
oF ® i. 7 — a »
, fi = a
_ 7 aie | >
Micropterus
(Centrarchidae)
BI Pcl
|
Plate 106. Micropterus dolomieu, USNM 332992: A, dorsal view, right-side 3 isecte
indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
eo
Enneacanthus
(Centrarchidae)
Plate 107. Enneacanthus gloriosus, USNM 243828: A, dorsal view, right-side OD bisected and LI1, LE2, LE3, LE4, and LP removed
(insertion positions indicated by shading), size of LI] exaggerated relative to size of LI2. B, posterior view, left side.
“|
r i
~~
A LI2
KK >
\ ir
= |
2 mm—
Bathyclupea
(Bathyclupeidae)
E —— 000K: a :
Ad4aS Yy = |= =a A ((( Eb4
eb4— Wy) //) é = sean Qe
—— Ss : S
TPb3-Eb3
TPb2 SOD
SDR DS
Plate 108. Bathyclupea argentea, USNM 372712: A, dorsal view: LEIs pivoted anteriorly from insertions; right-side LI1, LI2, LE2
greatly truncated; CT attaching LI1 insertion to Pb2 removed. B, posterior view, left side. C, dorsoanterior view, right side to show
muscle attachments obscured in A; TPb2 and OD3-4 cut away laterally: TEb2, LE2, and CT joining LI1 to Pb2 removed.
<6 ———
Is
v= mans
Fil Ny F jf
TY
my =o
oP lat NEG
OP med Cb5
H— 2? mm ———4
|
RD
Ss
LNA \\ \\
flee Symphysanodon
PP ct afb iil Ss (Symphsanodontidae)
Eb4 SS >
OP lat —— a Wipe RD
OP med =) / /) fpf.»
CITES ) La itith == 90
9 NM / HE a/
Ad4 SY a If
PCE p
Plate 109. Symphysanodon berryi, USNM 370558: A, dorsal view, Pb1s pivoted anteriorly; left-side CT sheets removed; CT of PP
partially indicated (does not attach to AC4); right-side OD3—4 bisected, CT of PP removed. B, left side, posterior view.
i
Morone
(Moronidae)
Eb3
S
I
i
FANE
i i \
Adt— I);
Vi, \\
|
Zp °C
ff
Tif ff [L oce
Plate 110. Morone americana, USNM 61612: A, dorsal view, right side OD3—4 cut away and LE4 and LP removed (insertions
indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
ja
fi
=
a
Epinephelus
ae i (Serranidae)
aN ‘ Ny
oat
AW
mt | / WY
eA | Z
2° ONY HY /
oman \ | N)
ae \\
Sint
chs”
Plate 111. Epinephelus merra, USNM 318074: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3-4 cut away an LE4 and LP remove d (inserions
indicated by shading). B, posterior view
.
¢
_*
7]
SS
#
7
7
ma o .
—— TPb3-Pb4-Eb3
Pristipomoides
(Lutjanidae)
Plate 112. Pristipomoides aquilonaris, USNM 158472: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3-4 bisected and LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading), Pb1s pivoted anteriorly. B, posterior view, left side.
|
*
ae
e ®
es
°
|
4 7
|
ih
“
e
eeu re ae e:
Os ee
Nay.
LN No
/
ul
\
Pomadasys
(Haemulidae)
Plate 113. Pomadasys crocro, USNM 338643: A, dorsal view, left-side TEb2 and OD3-4 bisected, most levators greatly truncated.
B, posterior view, right side reversed.
(Apogonidae)
Glossamia
ns indicated by
ni, USNM 344886: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP removed (i
view, left side.
ia wichman
Plate 114. Glossam
shading). B, posterior
——————
~ 3) /
=i WWW > yn
i} |
\ i} \— \ i
-———. 2 mm ————
Heteropriacanthus
(Priacanthidae)
PP Lp LFA aE
|
/
/
/
\ { |
RASS VS SOK)
WS SRN NENGORENG W \
NGOS A TN \
Sig, VAS 2 NR SNA \\
Th |
RNS NSS \ \N
NS IRAN
SVG SOs Ns WS
NIG SOR EB IANN\S SSS
SHV SO S\ ay YZEZ
YON S y F g ZZ
~ A
N > if y
~ \ es A
SRE y
A pc]
Plate 115. Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, USNM 319919: A, dorsal view, left-side LP and PP removed; OD4y not visible. B, posterior
view, left side. C, lateral view, left side.
a ff of \ H/ Hees
eS ANN S y
\
KA
N
ie
Ostracoberyx
(Ostracoberycidae)
Plate 116. Ostracoberyx dorygenys, USNM 307282: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading), OD3—4 bisected, LE3 and 4 truncated (left side also). B, posterior view, right-side reversed.
LE4 and LP removed (insertio
7 \ \ We
TIN
=<
a
OP
Ad4 Y j
Ad5 Nt
M. SO-Pb3 lat
-——— 2 mm ———4
Paracirrhites
(Cirrhitidae)
M. SO-Pb3 lat
0)
—_—
be!
RC 9)
mf } Le
Plate 117. Paracirrhites fosteri, USNM 278070: A, dorsal view, right-side OD-3—4 bisec gament a
ion positi wn shading). B, posterior view, right side rever
Pbi
raphe TPb2 ‘
: Sein aS: S :
SS 077EsN
\.
0}
|
|
S
SA
SS
yO
Ad4
-—— 2 mm ———
Pempheris
(Pempheridae)
YS IMS sop
TASS
Ns —<—}
Plate 118. Pempheris schomburgkii, USNM 31858: A, dorsal view, dorsal CT trimmed and right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions shown by shading); fine ligament (not illustrated) arises from Eb] anterior to LE1. B, posterior view, right side reversed. C,
dorsoanterior view, right side, dorsal portion of TPb2 cut away to reveal attachment of anterior fibers to Pb3, TEb2 passing ventral to
TPb2 and dorsal to OD3—4, TEb2 cut away to reveal‘OD3—4 attachment to Pb3 anteriorly (anterior end of Pb3 indicated by dotted line
to left of Pb2), OD3—4 cut away to show attachment of LI2 to Pb3.
e
(tas
His a
Te? ism
he
=
a Omrt,
on em inom A
Se ac;
A\IN\f
. (}
\
Ss
——) rn
Lactarius
(Lactariidae)
Plate 119. Lactarius lactarius, USNM 343873: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 cut away to reveal LI2 insertion and TPb3-Eb3
attachment; right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed, LE4 and
LP forced laterally.
*
oe e . se
© s
>
e* —
- >
)
a
a ;
;
®° » ‘
> 4
p 7 :
fy
' « $ -
®
«
*
.
a)
ra .
> 7 ;
5 > 7
7 a S
Ln
: a4
j seni i? oa 7 @ & ay 7 oe ry ‘4 j
‘ a 7 =? 2 a iene ad mi DOP peters bt
7
\ - a : : ae 7
2 = {se
' oe _ :
Z7——VP03-Pb4-Eb3 ==
a feo . ly \
(\\ N WWI 9° \
A \\ y \ Xt
Lateolabrax
(Lateolabracidae)
ad pe japonicus, USNM 344295: A, dorsal view, right-side dorsal CT, LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions
indicated by shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed (Eb4 levator process, lateral to LP insertion, absent on left side).
Se
Cynoscion
(Sciaenidae)
SOD
Plate 121. Cynoscion nebulosus, USNM 176237: A, dorsal view, right side OD3-—4 cut away and LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading), SOD anomalous. B, posterior view, left side.
-— 2 mm——+
Polydactylus
(Polynemidae)
Plate 122. Polydactylus oligodon, USNM 364370: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3-—4 bisected and LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
ut
oy ace /
Y 2
Y——
\ °
\ °
N
XS \ Ro 62.8
Plate 123. Sillago sihama, USNM 347113: A, dorsal view, OD3, OD3’, and OD4 bisected; LI1 partially rotated ventrolaterally in
inset at upper right to show membranous mid-portion; B, posterior view, left side: C, lateral view.
dad iii t
H
| "
\|
Li
i I
Pseudupeneus
(Mullidae)
A 1s
Plate 124. Pseudupeneus maculatus, USNM 267508: A, dorsal view, right-side OD cut away to reveal OD3' insertion; LE3, LE4,
and LP removed (LE3 and LE4 insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
ae
a
Ad5
LP insertion
+—2 mm——
Centrogenys
(Centrogeniidae)
ll
ih
}
WY /
Ulf
a7
tendon WS
Plate 125. Centrogenys vaigiensis: A, B, USNM 183016: A, dorsal view; right-side LE4 and LP removed and CT pad cut away,
vertical dashed lines represent medial margins of Pb3s, which are ventral to CT joining TPb2s. B, posterior view, left side, only ventro-
medial LE4 fibers continuous with OP C, USNM 327899, posterior view, left side, LP forced laterally to reveal continuation of LE4
with OP.
LI2
Ie tips VE? TF
LP—\sMuiza
HY Z
LZ Y Lj
‘e
Ko 3
M. SO-Pb3
-—— 2 mm ——
Tetracentrum
(Ambassidae)
M. SO-Pb3
I! I
Eb4 Mt]
oe |
fos
EAS
eA
Plate 126. Tetracentrum caudovittatus, USNM 332862: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected, LP removed (insertion position
indicated by shading), levators greatly truncated; dashed lines anteromedially outline medial margins of Pb3s obscured by CT and TPb2.
B, posterior view, left side. C, dorsoanterior view, right side to show muscle attachments obscured in A: TPb2 and TEb2 cut away
medially, OD3—4 cut away laterally, M. SO-Pb3 removed, LE2 removed (insertion position indicated by shading), LE! pivoted anteriorly
from insertion, LI] and LI2 truncated.
yas!
£9
eecoee's rr \ \
| \ sree ‘: C
BESS \
Caristius
LE4 - (Caristiidae)
L
right-side LE4 and LP remoyed (insertion positions shown by
Plate 127. Caristius maderensis, USNM 206895: A, dorsal view:
veal underlying muscle attachments. B, posterior view,
shading), other levators and RD greatly truncated, right-side OD3—4 cut away to re
left side. C, lateral vew, left side.
Sem _
— <a =e
OTT TF
fe
4 lo,
_ JK L,
To
fy
TPb2
|!
Gi
Eb4
Gr TP03-
-—— 2 mm ———4
Brama
(Bramidae)
-Eb4
TPb3
OP tendon
Plate 128. Brama raya, USNM 240541: A, dorsal view, left-side PP. LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions shown by shading),
left-side OD3—4 bisected. B, posterior view, right side reversed.
ms
7
4
\
! y o calpete ot /
Wy CY = A L
ys | \ 02 312 aes y Mil IN
; G > os s el MK : : N
Z 1 eae >
ay PF
Eb1-4
Assessor
(Plesiopidae)
BB tae
LE4
LE3
Eb3
Plate 129. Assessor macneilli, composite of USNM 269466 (Eb4 levator process present) and 274581 (Eb4 levator process absent):
A, dorsal view, left-side OD3—4 bisected, and LE4 an LP removed (insertion positions indicated by shading), right-side CT removed in
region dorsal to TEb2 and TPb2 to expose partially naked articulating fascet. B, posterior view, right side reversed.
Af \\
ey / LE3— ~ \
Bo ZA\\ LIN SS
oy ae ZIM ON aS
Ih — vn
Wf g ZZ TNE \ ~ XX
lil i=
A | RD | _|\\
Za)
+—— 2 mm ——4
Perca
(Percidae)
Plate 130. Perca flavescens, USNM 193135: A, dorsal view: dorsal, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading). B, posterior view, left side.
e@
I ac ae
Cepola
(Cepolidae)
Plate 131. Cepola rubescens, USNM 285452: A, dorsal view. left-side TEb2 and OD3—4 bisected. B, posterior view, right side
reversed.
pat
pus
: -
on
Ms ‘
it
vn OT |
||
CORR
°
I) g = r
phi maT
U D fhe then U t
Meal ubeate
1
1
————
an
° : Ran
O\ : 1
Q . A ny
Ay
LE3
2 mm—
W Callanthias
// K (Callanthiidae)
_
aa
ae
m0
Plate 132. Callanthias allporti, USNM 350940: A, dorsal view: right-side dorsal CT pad cut away, left-side LE4 and LP removed,
OD attachment to Eb4 not visible. B, posterior view, right side reversed.
Gerres
(Gerreidae)
ety A I 4,
OP tendon Sf ; |
op AN Weg
NN
Cb5 —————
Plate 133. Gerres cinereus, USNM 331928: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected, TEb2 cut away, and LI2 removed (insertion
obscured by medial end of Eb3). B, posterior view, left side.
Y
L—_—_
E SS
LE =
=
-——————————? mm
Gramma
(Grammatidae)
shading). B, posterior view: s
Plate 134. Gramma loreto, USNM 360170: A, dorsal view, right-side LE3, LE4 and LP removed
i ightforw
=
D
tions indicated by
a
| 1 AN
ye NA
Mestad Ny
|
|
}
= iTyty
I ni JX ° ey
\ | \\ ins
i)
y Tra : = art
Caeaae . | )
= :
i ; aml \ YF | = =
2 E ) IN\ \ \ M | EES e ze SSN
Eb1-4 m/f \\ \ = 7 sess eee
\) Or ss
=
°
Lonchopisthus
(Opistognathidae)
LE3
Eb3
* i <—
Plate 135. Lonchopisthus higmani, USNM 186058: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading) and OD3—4 cut away to reveal underlying muscle attachments. B, posterior view, left side.
jal
-——2 mm
Labracinus
(Pseudochromidae)
Cb5
€Y//})\\\W/,
=| \
RSS SS ee
RBs ~
Plate 136. Labracinus cyclophthalmus, USNM 290900: A, dorsal view, right-side TEb2 removed, LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading), OD3—4 cut away, LI] much truncated. B, posterior view, left side. C, pharyngeal area, ventral view,
pharyngeal roof CT removed to expose CPb.
|
~\ : QOH
(AN WEN
Po
TEb3-Eb4 -———2 mm
Gazza
(Leiognathidae)
ZZ
YB
ri
] ! Mf. SO-Pb2
pp
SO
Plate 137. Gazza sp., USNM 268914: A, dorsal view, right-side CT pad removed, medial attachment of TEb2 to pad released, OD3—
3’ bisected, LE3 removed, LE4+LP forced ventrolaterally. B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view, left side.
ry
|
|
SEY NRO
Santi W
I
L2——_ Aer
Afronandus
(Polycentridae)
cor 20
Ye = HLS
009 3 oe
0 hart
[2 se stenin “y
Mj
(;
4,
TP aes )
“ /
i TA I Vay
: Y VG i Win
i | I (ty
PULL
= Ay a hit
\\\ \ AY GA SSQy//111 ea
\\ SSS i 7
SSS |
= Yi
y
\ \
Plate 138. Afronandus sheljuzhkoi, USNM 372183: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading), OD3—4 bisected, LE3 truncated; anterior arm of Eb1, which articulates with Pb1 occluded from view on both sides. B, posterior
view, left side. C, lateral view, left side, most levators truncated.
ve)
—F
_—
-— 2 mm———“4
—
aes
= a ZA IS ~~
_———— : = olpeene SS pe OR any
S mA oN Se oP es Le
40. SOD i Spo, POD = = iL
weer > : = .
be Les
e)
\S)
Sphyraena
(Sphyraenidae)
Plate 139. Sphyraena barracuda, USNM 331677: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected and LE4 and LP removed (insertion
ositi indi sterior view, right side reversed
na
p ons indicated by shading). B, poste ie
NE UY,
NYSE
MM II SS h ;
== Ss S
ro SS SS
=
WARK ‘\ \uaa\
YAN
—2 mm ————
Ammodytes
(Ammodytidae)
C)
A\\
oN \i}
Ae EN \
02 WN
OP SUI] |
° °
o\\\
Plate 140. Ammodytes dubius, USNM 302478: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (joint insertion position indicated by
shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed.
Hy
. ree
~S
>
S
A
ZW
aA
LE4 >? +} #
BAS ZIM,
&
| f }, Yy
Trachinus
(Trachinidae)
| / Vf yy
ial
ANG
a A
Plate 141. Trachinus draco, USNM 349536: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected and LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions
shaded); attachment of TPb3-Eb3 to Eb4 is anomalous (see remarks following TD in species description). B, posterior view, right side
reversed.
Kathetostoma
(Uranoscopidae)
Till\\| j
q ieee medial
\\ ee op tateral
ann {il
an =e
Plate 142. Kathetostoma cubana, USNM 187953: A, dorsal view, CT pad covering TD removed, left-side LE4 retracted (obscuring
LP), right-side of TEb2 bisected. B, partial posterior view, left side with PCI retracted to show obscured muscles. C, posterior view left
side.
Lu
-
3
| ths SoS
NRE NN
Pontinus
(Scorpaenidae)
Plate 143. Pontinus rathbuni, USNM 190360: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 removed (insertion position indicated by shading) and
OD3-4 bisected. B, dorsoanterolateral view, left side: Eb] removed, LE2—4 removed, and TEb2, TPb2, and OD3—4 cut away to show
LI, LI2, and TPb3-Eb3-Eb4 insertions).
iN
ie
Platycephalus
(Platycephalidae)
Plate 144. Platycephalus endrachtensis, USNM 173884: A, dorsal view, right side of TEb2 bisected. B, posterior view, left side.
CT
Hexagrammos
(Hexagrammidae)
LE4 a
LPp——“
WV; | i
ZAZ
A
| $3 .
\ a)
i! |
= y (ret i Nira
{] ONY 1 SS
—— y 67 ~S \ \eiipiseritapertole
fo, = Shits ely
HI typ~C yj SN Sam oor eho I)
QEF{L?E Ni SCRIESREEEE EV
0.
fi 1
° i
— =
7 iiss
Hels)
Plate 145. Hexagrammos stelleri, USNM 130279: A, dorsal view, left-side GFMs removed, TPb2 aberrant. B, posterior view, left
: ing muscle insertions.
side. C, dorsal view, right side, TEb2 and OD3-4 bisected to expose underlying
if
ce
S=
m\
Ad4 il
cE // So
CE
ut | ey
Rhamphocottus
(Rhamphocottidae)
72 TPb3-Eb3
"II | SNS
Plate 146. Rhamphocottus richardsonii, USNM 49141: A, dorsal view, right-side LE2, LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions
indicated by shading); OD3’ not visible. B, posterior view, right side reversed.
Nematistius
(Nematistiidae)
Plate 147. Nematistius pectoralis, USNM 82203: A, dorsal view, right-side Pbl forced anteriorly, LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading), and OD3-—4 cut away to reveal underlying muscle attachments. B, posterior view, left side.
wilt ,.
~ \@
——- ~
—S>=>~ SS
hz S[SN Sx | \\
2==— = XS SY . } \
OD4 SY . !
EN Nes
SSM /)\\\
H\\\
———— ————— I" | \\
(Carangidae)
tendon
Plate 148. Selar crumenophthalmus, USNM 189251: A, dorsal view, left-side LE1 and right-side Pb] forced anteriorly, right-side LP
and LE4 forced posteriorly; OD3’ not in view. B, posterior view, right side reversed; LP forced slightly laterally to reveal base of LE4.
a
Rachycentron
(Rachycentridae)
Plate 149. Rachycentron canadum, USNM 341455: A, dorsal view, right-side LE3, LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions indicated
by shading); Left-side TPb2 vestigial (not lablelled), right side absent. B, posterior view, left side.
EEN N
|
MM \\
o> f
2 oS \
S ANG
——— \\ N ogN J
A \ : = Ze yl IN SS :
= NS \\ Nt
> EEE < =< /| \ \
“> ; K <n y SHA MY
3
o:; PO + S Ei
Eb1-4
Su wr 7 /X Yyy ZA <S
ZW) |, Z \ tS)
ie) \ / WN \ | }
Coryphaena
(Coryphaenidae)
op eA AW EV jf —
Ad — | W/Z
AC ere
°
—
SSS Bi
al view, right-side OD3—4 and OD3’ cut away to reveal insertion of LI2,
LEI and LE2 separated. B, posterior view, right side reversed. C, lateral
Plate 150. Coryphaena equiselis, USNM 158126: A, dors
LE3 removed, and tendinous connections between right-side
view: left side.
// fff TPb3-Eb3 5
Pomatomus
(Pomatomidae)
\\
\\\\
\ hyp) Z
WI LM MME
WE Ze
AC = =
W\
RARER Uff =
WEY
Plate 151. Pomatomus saltatrix, USNM 289926: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
i ide reversed.
shading). B, posterior view, right sid
SS
Scombrolabrax
(Scombrolabracidae)
Plate 152. Scombrolabrax heterolepis, USNM 187651: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected and LE4 and LP remove d (insertion
positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
+
4
Vasa
>
UP
KN
Way
haa Le
Scomber
(Scombridae)
Ay =
‘A\ If ZS
TEM TENG
\I" |
modified
gill rakers
reatly truncated, LE3 and LE4 removed, and OD3-—
ew, left side, LE3 removed. C, lateral view, right side
Plate 153. Scomber scombrus, USNM 203841: A, dorsal view, right-side LE2 g
4 and OD3’ cut away (medial edge of Pb3 shown as dashed lines). B, posterior vi
reversed.
?,
e
°
M i
) Maal iw
-
na
a
-
NTS ‘ue
Eb1-4
levator process
Nemiupterus
(Nemipteridae)
yu Wy
raphe = | Y
Plate 154. Nemipterus furcosus, USNM 349457: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 removed (insertion position indicated by shading). B,
posterior view, left side.
eu \ VG
\e\g
Eb1-4
NINN <Sh Ne
A ANSSSX ® C4
SS Ad5
N cbs
OP
levator process
uncinate process
Lethrinus
(Lethrinidae)
Plate 155. A, B, Lethrinus obsoletus, USNM 309317: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (note position of tiny unlabelled
Eb4 uncinate process anterior to levator process). B, posterior view left side. C, Lethrinus harak, USNM 259390: ventral view, pharyngeal
area, roof CT removed to reveal CPb.
e
4 j —$—__——~_ |
\ H it | GLE Y,
= MZ. SS Si Wi GZ SRN N
SOON | S22 Zz aa S= SLRZSE —-
— SNES OY \ 5 Z LZ wludiayuce til SS eS ISS
Z ———— WN SS S y
WY
y \ :
(ete ae
/\“\E—
yd > \2 7 Gr Cb3
Spicara
(Centracanthidae)
Plate 156. Spicara smaris, USNM 269800: A, dorsal view, right-side LP removed (insertion position indicated by shading). B,
posterior view, left side.
.
.
°
; - :
7 =n
ie a ae
—.
ih Wiley, a: ple ialoss ae) 1 wlnige &
= a 7 f det ;
= -—
A A <i =
Yee NIN N
YE git \\\ Tn
) ZAM
SOD —
\ ‘\ /]
OWS = Ze 7s
Casas A
‘O =
Ne SS LES \
Kuhlia
(Kuhliidae)
Plate 157. Kuhlia mugil, USNM 114998: A, dorsal view, most of CT covering TD removed; right-side Pb1 inclined anteriorly, OD3—
4 bisected, LP removed (insertion position indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
. e * « . ae
" =
e _
» ‘
!
«
é Laka
; i
* e- * a
. Cx."
: tae | |
eee 7
—— ~ x
.
i ae Ae Sewp se cE hia) Sg re i
— 4 | di Jere UL gman oomomt re ween), tr .
= = z 7 _—
be a ia
; 7
Ss \ os
Cb4 QeNE
Ps
pci i) <
Uy AC4
+—2 mm——+
Leiopotherapon
(Terapontidae)
Plate 158. Leiopotherapon unicolor, USNM173654: A, dorsal view, right-side CT attaching to TPb2 removed, OD3—4 bisected; fine
CT joining LE4 over Eb4 levator process to Ad4 removed on both sides. B, posterior view, left side; fine CT tissue joining LE4 over
Eb4 levator process to Ad4 partially removed.
IAC LEl
€is Ay)
SS ll
Xi. Z —<
|
SE a
y \ oN —
NN
CE
e Migs.
Caquetaia
(Cichlidae)
LEA z
LP \\ | Eb4 : A Zz SS => Pb?
WL
vil
raphe
OP3
OP1—;;
Uf Wp
Plate 159. Caquetaia kraussii, USNM 258004: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP rotated clockwise to reveal underlying muscles
(strip of LE4 attaching to Eb4 lateral to Od4 torn by rotation); CT sheet overlying Pb3 facets cut away to show attachment of OD4. B,
posterior view, left side; Ad4 not visible. C, ventral view of pharyngobranchials and associated muscles (roof CT removed to reveal
CPb).
=
n__
=——
|
(
Dischistodus
(Pomacentridae)
Plate 160. Dischistodus fasciatus, USNM 328190: A, dorsal view, medial margins of Pb3s indicated by dashed lines, right-side OD3—
4 cut away. B, posterior view, left side. C, ventral view of pharyngobranchial area, pharyngeal roof tissue removed to show CPb.
°
* e
*
Hy
«
f p* rt
bs *
*
°
cy
‘ if ry
' ae
-
—
ew
al :
-
rit iy —iemal ail ape He hee
ee ee ee
7 : _ a —
, i
a -
_
Abudefduf Chromis
(Pomacentridae) (Pomacentridae)
Plate 161. A, Abudefduf sexfasciatus, USNM 221863: posterior view, left side. B, Chromis amboinensts, USNM 338153: posterior
view, right-side reversed.
Nyy
«ay
Amphistichus
(Embiotocidae)
Eb1-4
Amphistichus
Plates 162.1, 162.2. A, B, and D, Amphistichus argenteus, USNM 132403: A, dorsal view, right-side LI2 removed, CT cut away to
reveal Pb3 articulating facet, and LE4 pulled posteriorly (obscuring LP) to reveal OP, OD3’ not visible. B, posterior view, left side. D,
pharyngeal area, ventral view, SO fibers permeate pharyngeal-roof CT (much abbreviated laterally and posteriorly and removed from
between Pb3 and UP4 to reveal M. Pb3-UP4 and RDs). C, Embiotoca lateralis, USNM 340889: posterior view, right side reversed, LP
rotated clockwise.
Pb2
X_____A __ 1 F) insertion
Achoerodus
ena ee | /
LEA \\\Vi
Plates 163.1, 163.2. Achoerodus viridis, USNM 218488: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP rotated posteriorly and counterclock-
wise and LE2 removed. B, posterior view, right side reversed, LE4-LP complex rotated posteriorly, fascia not indicated (see C). C, lateral
view, gill arches 3—5, right side reversed. D, ventral view to show CPb, left-side tissues bordering Pb3s mostly removed. E, anterior view.
D TPb2-Pb2a
A TPb2-Pb2a-Pb3
TEbl1
—
Li
M. Pb2-Eb2
(y
mates
one
wT
onnaad
0000000014,
-———_? mm
LE4+OP —-
BW
\
Pie.
oP
Symphodus
(Labridae)
tendon— \,
Ad5 S/S
Plates 164.1, 164.2. Symphodus roissali, USNM 198879: A, dorsal view, anterior portion of right-side Ad1 cut away to reveal
attachment of TEbI (dotted line indicates anterior edge of Eb1), dorsal cartilaginous tips of Pb2 covered slightly by thin layer of muscle
fibers, right-side LE4 and LP rotated counterclockwise. B, left side, posterior view. C, ventral view, Eb4s and right-side esophageal
surface removed. D, anterior view: first gill arch removed; dotted lines on right side indicate extent of Pb2 covered by muscle.
TPb2-Pb2a-Pb3
°
My
y
TRS los
. SO NPS
Cb3 OO AIIS7
RS. SVSREEQRKHE! EF
LETS NSSSSSSE!S
OMe? Sriscmmokoses /
Oo NO. fee
o OS
WN
ji \vi \ \NGE
LE4
\
Polylepion
(Labridae)
Ope \\ ff /
lay
05 Fae 4
Plate 165. Polylepion cruentum, USNM 215466: A, dorsal view: right-side LE4-LP-OP complex rotated counter-clockwise. B, pos-
terior view, left side. See discussion of LE2’ in section Labroidea.
: fa
a) Se
ie Ce ee a :
x ne 25," 7
>
egal
0 he
>
-
-
j
)
j
We
7
I
\
i!
TPb3-Eb4
g
=)
ght-side LP-LE4 complex rotated counter-clockwise, Pb3 dorsal articulatin
ew, rig
Coris julis, USNM 337450: dorsal vi
Plate 166.
facets separated to expose SO. See discussion of LE2’ in section Labroidea.
=
Plate 167. A, Choerodon graphicus, USNM 218548: dorsal view of anterior portion of gill arches, LE2s removed. Note: TEb1 lies posterior to
Pbls and attaches to Ebl on medial edge of distal end of uncinate processes (compare with B); TPb2 fibers are directly adjacent and posterior to
TEb2: muscle strands extending from medial ends of Eb1s join CPb (not shown), which lies ventral to TEb2-TPb2a complex. B, Cheilinus trilobatus,
USNM 224020: dorsal view of arch | (anterior toward top of page), for comparison with A. C, Clepticus parrae, USNM 318548, posterior view, left
side for comparison with other labrids).
SN bee
Co ———— SO ee a
Yee
Choerodon
(Labridae)
2 mm ——————
TPb2a
Cheilinus
(Labridae)
r—— 2 mm———
Clepticus
(Labridae)
+—— 2 mm———
Eb3 FAS
Labroides
(Labridae)
—
—_—_—
——S
I
|
:
Plate 168. Labroides dimidiatus, USNM 309376: A, dorsal view. B, posterior view, right side reverse ee discussion 0 Py!
section Labroidea.
Lg
os
My,
\
WW
\
MNT}
Lif
\
INN
Ni
IH
//
7
|
Wildl
|
I
|
\\\ \\ \|
I
B soneeaee Pholidichthys
(Pholidichthyidae)
oy |
a ee bye =
SO Wa [BEE
oP AUN
Ad5
Plate 169. Pholidichthys leucotaenia, CAS 32048: A, dorsal view, right-side CT cut away to reveal Pb3. B, posterior view, left side.
, ventral view.
*
:
I Z AG Yff ADL.
2 4 Z=—\ O e ome)
fh: ; Yo NN Ww 7 Pb3
BA HIKE g :
! | | \ SS > iY \ : ‘
Q l p Meeps
{c © Uy \ 26 a
0° y S SOLS os / VON
Amma AZ Vif? 0 a
ff YEN S ra SE
Hf 2 N\ ” 00g
Z . OFOme, on
Is 2 NYE 9 9 0 Oo
] Yyyzgy G te)
Vey ty BN % ao.
\ ey UY EE K2 59 on
y Es \\\\ "NZL J \\\\. Pb4
mL LN : Wy 37 Da
ANE Z TWh ~ \\\\y ‘
ASX Zz 7 Tl 71 i} ] | \y mp Y ¢
: Fd] iff! / \ \\
| 40 off } ff} /
o/
y|
\
yi,
ayaa a
os aii NWS < WW)
Wants as I, \’
Luvarus
(Luvaridae)
con Bee ete and LP (not illustr ated) lo st during dissection; see remarks following
Plate 170. Luvarus imperialis, MCZ 55003, LE4s
vay; LEIs rotated anteriorly. B, SEROSOr view, left side.
LE4 in species account: A, dorsal view, right-side one: cut a
a
* i
ca ;
_— f 7 7
- ho’
"= oe,
ia
ni -
, aaa
° . a
_ neat ee — aie - x
adh Gh yee? aye Gee ana
a
i
~~ ns ; 7 ; i a
Chaetodipterus
(Ephippidae)
Plate 171. Chaetodipterus faber, USNM 289421: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 removed (insertion position indicated by shading), LP
forced posteriorly. B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view, right-side reversed, PP included.
~ TEb3-Eb4 AS, }) YF
—
SS AO
Zanclus
B
6
SOD
ee
TEb3-Eb4 >y|\WKXA
iG
Plate 172. Zanclus cornutus, USNM 350564: A, dorsal view; LE4-LP-PP muscle sheet removed, levators severely truncated. B,
posterior view, right side reversed, LE4-LP-PP muscle sheet removed. C, lateral view.
Acanthurus
(Acanthuridae)
Plate 173. Acanthurus nigrofuscus, USNM 338195: A, dorsal view (perspective deliberately distorted), right-side LE2 and LI1 re-
moved (insertion position of LIlindicated by shading), other levators greatly truncated; LE4+LP+PP and associated CT removed from
both sides, continuity of TEb4 and SOD not shown. B, posterior view, right side reversed, LE4+LP+PP removed. C, lateral view, left
side, LI1 and LI2 greatly truncated.
, ~ e e * Se
@
e" >
- —s
*
PS,
° Sal es
«
~ , —
a
%
*
i.
'
a 5 a a 7 -_ a.
{ee o i oe i web aight we ates
P he i es i ‘jiniak ion aa ae
_ - Lire hls iad Wied, oer
a . d ae ‘
AN 7
|| WN || i ,
ount
my {
Pristolepis
(Pristolepidae)
\\
ce
Nh
5
Plate 174. Pristolepis fasciata, USNM 103105: A, dorsal view, medial portion of right-side TEb2 and LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions shaded). B, right side reversed. C, lateral view (Ad1 damaged, extends from Eb1 just to dorsoanterior surface of distalmost end
———
a
)) 7 ttn, 0
"Ye
Th plies
Tr
a
:
wW
jon
7 SN Wie © eaabrem eee
a
f ® a
° ; 7
4
:
4 tayo.
te
a
i
oe gd al
* J.
eo
- ~sh sh
7? Glee
; :
y Vie eat,
43) ip
nt eel”
a
¥
s
eipies
i]
D ‘Ah .
he ‘ret
(ae *; heey OW, Sarl fie
\ \ \ \ \\
. AN . WN
WSS) )
| My Wy
| }/
WY,
Ad3
(eee.
[BB —aeeuaens e
Oy Y
_Z7#@$=TP03-Eb4 ay
= wil =
ANT Mm = | |
yw
WD
-— 2 mm——+
Channa
OD3-4
(Channidae)
yy “(| |
OP — a |
Jn \ TPb3-Eb4
Eb4 =e X \\
RD
Plate 175. Channa asiatica, USNM 191304: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 bisected and Eb1 moved slightly anteriorly (note: LI]
inserts on Pb3 dorsoanteromedially; see description). B, posterior view, left side: Ad5 and PCI insertions include distal tip of Cb5, which
is exposed here.
a.
7
(Amarsipidae)
\
Plate 176. Amarsipus carlsbergi, SIO 75-116: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3’ and OD3—4 cut away and LE3, LE4 and LP removed
(insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed.
(I / Ye
\ /
) WW
NO \ \
ee
aia
ig
’ ied it
=
*.
e
é
j
?
iL
“”
et
i
*
S
0
Te
; eee ms :
. . 7 er
9° ; wht
, a a A a fod
J 7 * cs [
. ie °
di
= lt at
Y ZZ a WW
GEE —
Psenopsis
(Centrolophidae)
L2
TBE ip ss ea
La \\ \\\
i Si
WY h ‘ . =
iy”
tp
Ho;
st, /f // Dh
SKS Ly
= LA Ny
WLEZEZGLE
Plate 177. Psenopsis sp., USNM 30439
8: A, dorsal view, right-side Pb1 pivoted anteriorly and LE4 and LP removed (insertion
positions indicated by shading). B, lateral view, left side.
-—— 2 mm ————+4
Bathymaster
(Bathymasteridae)
Plate 178. Bathymaster signatus, USNM 339381: A, dorsal view, right-side dorsal CT and OD3—4 cut away. B, posterior view, right
i rsed.
we eee
J]
.
-_
~
‘
ae
s
i rca LAO) ty AD:
it guy 2
— =
Bovichtus
(Bovichtidae)
\F |
5 Uf \ i,
IW A
Plate 180. Bovichtus veneris, USNM 200412: A, dorsal view, right-side TEb2 and OD3—4 cut away, LE4 and LP removed (joined
insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed.
WO
\ \
(Ny INN
SI
N
Dactyloptena
(Dactylopteridae)
Plate 181. Dactyloptena macracantha, USNM 224473: A, dorsal view, right-side OD3—4 and anterior portion of TPb2 and TEb2 cut
away and LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
Nees
a : : ZA
/ Ha
~= Sg TPb3-EbS
OD4
90
Cu)
-—— 2 mm ——_1
YY ff} = \ Gy a
Y a Tiss \( \ \
if HY"/ I \ \ \\ \ \ \
es! \: \ |
\\
Caulolatilus
(Malacanthidae)
—— ‘ wl \\ OD3
SS TUNITTTRNEHITTTERN WS Oe
\\
9
Laie a Os \
{] fy it
Y fe. i
(a f.
SC SE
Plate 182. Caulolatilus affinis, USNM 211424: A, dorsal view: left-side OD bisected, right-side LE3, LE4, and LP removed, insertion
positions shown by shading. B, posterior view, left side; PP added from right side. C, lateral view, right side reversed.
UU << —<_—<€@_- ——_-_-
:
j
q
_*
e
al
‘ ’
> Ae
—
@ (vot age ah
| it <niiien
“»
AF
i
re ey
: ey
-
» &
TPb2? | || ||]
Wty Lill i li | Ih] | hI
————
———— ————
~ ys
aS (C00
Eb1-4
£ \\ \ \ WZ ee)
Noli lh J
Ail J Pb3
Li) iy eres | ees
2 ‘=. Seen ose fa
Oe
Draconetta
(Draconettidae)
/ ES) lining
Plate 183. Draconetta oregona, USNM 159234: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading) and OD3-4 bisected; TPb2 problematic (see description for discussion). B, posterior view, right side reversed. C, lateral view,
right side reversed. D, ventral view of pharyngeal area.
A
M. Pb3-Eb4-Eb2-Cb3 Paces
pee arynge
RecD2 oe oaralons 2 roof muscle
a
Nw
\ (cE
LEl
-— 2 mm ———4
Callionymus
mucosal
(Callionymidae) lining
LEA
tendon
Plates 184.1, 184.2. Callionymus lyra, USNM 197584: A, dorsal view, left-side M. Pb3-Eb1 and OD4 bisected and LE3—4 removed
(joint insertion position indicated by shading); aberrant muscle fibers extend from Eb2 mid-dorsally to CT at anterior edge of LE2
insertion (illustrated specimen only); Pb2 normally not visible dorsally. B, posterior view, left side. C, ventral view, left-side ventrolateral
CPb fibers removed to reveal attachments of CPb to Eb2 and Pb2. D, lateral view, right side reversed, dotted lines indicate extent of
cartilaginous distal ends of Ebs and Cbs obscured by overlying muscles and CT.
Callionymus
Ww
ie — $=
Kaan
Z ZZ Z X
= SSN SS v SA aS
FASS
\ Ui SQV
: \ \\ / iy =: \ \
\ \\
| Trachelochismus
SO +?0P SOD (Gobiesocidae)
TPb3-Eb4
oe iil Wz=
\ AY |
Plate 185. Trachelochismus sp., USNM 339196: A, dorsal view right-side of TEb2 cut away, OD3—4 bisected, and LE4 and LP
removed (insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
=
spa! \
mri Oat
Met
| til
—SS
DHSS MAL!
oe 22
eee SSO2 eo 2S,
Oe eo See oa?
OF 886 eo =O S=S =
soo
-— 2 mm—4
Ruanoho
(Tripterygiidae)
Plate 186. Ruanoho decemdigitatus, USNM 297745: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP, right-side LP retracted. B, posterior view,
LP pulled anteriorly.
IF NV
Lepidoblennius
(Tripterygiidae)
Plate 187. Lepidoblennius marmoratus, USNM 201625: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP removed, dashed lines indicate outline
of Pb3 ventral to TEb2. B, posterior view, left side, LP posterior fold rotated clockwise to reveal “‘sling’’ comprising LP and OP. C,
posterior view, left side, LP in normal position. D, lateral view, posterior elements, to show position of ADS in LP/OP complex and
tendinous connections of LE4 and LP (Ad4 occluded in all external views).
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Parablennius
(Blenniidae)
attorugine, USNM 276284: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP pulled posteriorly, right-side OD3-—4
Plate 188. Parablennius g
bisected. B, posterior view, left side. C, lateral view, left side.
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Dactylagnus
(Dactyloscopidae)
Qe 08:
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eesee
Plate 189. Dactylagnus mundus, USNM 205741: A, dorsal view, right-side LP removed (insertion position indicated by shading). B
postericr view, left side (Ad4 not visible).
NEE
ASS
tame
Gibbonsia
(Clinidae, Myxodinae)
LP—
Plate 190. Gibbonsia elegans, USNM 152005: A, dorsal view, right-side LP and LE4 retracted, medial margins of Pb3 facets indicated
beneath CT; (GFMs 1 and 2 relatively much smaller than illustrated); B, posterior view, left side (note: right-side LE4 joins broad raphe
with OP on one side of one of two specimens).
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Heteroclinus
(Clinidae: Clininae) | +— 2 mm ———4
Clinus
Plate 191. A, B, Heteroclinus perspicillatus, USNM 201518: A, dorsal view, medial margins of Pb3 facets indicated by dotted lines
and anteromedial limit of TEb2 indicated by dashed line ventral to CT. B, posterior view, right side reversed; note LP and OP form sling.
C, Clinus acuminatus, USNM 199579: posterior view, left side, LP retracted; note LP and OP form sling.
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eas Zz =N
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nt
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weit
SS \ ‘
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LE4
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GEES
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se
-— 2 mm———4
OD3-4
=S A Th eos Calliclinus
(Labrisomidae)
Plate 192. Calliclinus geniguttatus, USNM 369371: A, dorsal view, left-side LE4 and LP retracted posteriorly; dashed lines below
anterior CT indicate anteromedial margins of Pb3s. B, posterior view, right side reversed, LP rotated clockwise, limits of Ad5 and OP
from left side.
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pai at tile ae
— a _
.
Neoclinus
(Chaenopsidae)
Plate 193. Neoclinus blanchardi, SIO 85-14: A, dorsal view, right-side LE3, LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by
shading). B, posterior view, left side.
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O
Sh
Cine
Rhyacichthys
(Rhyacichthyidae)
—| No
——rs
Wyss : ———=
=
—————
‘0
Se WR
UTS '
5 On \
Plate 194. Rhyacichthys aspro, USNM 247300: A, dorsal view, right-side LE2 removed (insertion position indicated by shading),
right-side LE3 and LE4 forced laterally. B, posterior view, LP removed (insertion position indicated by shading). C, dorsal view, right
side, various muscles removed or cut away to show underlying muscle attachments, shaded area indicates LI1 insertion position.
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ingiecy« y. —
7
2 SS No EOSIKS 9
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BABE
+—— 2 mm ———4
Odontobutis
(Odontobutidae)
LX
h
SO
Plate 195. Odontobutis obscura, USNM 2648932: A, dorsal view, right-side TEb2, OD4, and OD3 cut away, right-side LE2, LE3,
LE4, and LP removed (insertion positions shown by shading). B, posterior view, right side reversed.
YY
_Vay
i SS
strap = pcy
Eb1-4
Xenisthmus
(Xenisthmidae)
2mm
Plate 196. Xenisthmus sp., USNM 247389: dorsal view.
Eleotris
(Eleotridae)
_ FV S< NSS
—s S
X QQ yy
\ Yk \\ Ys
|
Plate 197. Eleotris melanosoma, USNM 321251: A, dorsal view, right-side TEb2 cut away, right-side OD3, OD4, LE4, and LP
removed (insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
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4
fee
at }
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ay /? > Bi ies
skin fold
of palate
Z SS LA
Fors SE DZ ;
ZZ Ye
Z 4 ——
© 05 F
06 9
Ptereleotris
(Microdesmidae)
\\e |
SV
sel
ON
Cb4
Ad5
Plate 198. Ptereleotris microlepis, USNM 257075: A, dorsal view, left-side LP rotated posteriorly; right-side OD3—4 cut away to
reveal LI2 insertion. B, posterior view, left side.
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ASI a Mf
a :
Microdesmus
(Microdesmidae)
dg WE
Wo
WAIN AA
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\O
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=
S
SS
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=
5
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No)
(oxwa
fo)
-
Pa
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is
n
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Ss
3)
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3
fe)
ny
g
ey
4
Q
a
TD
median fibers Pb3
TEb2a
2)
5S
5
5.
~
=
a
ay
(Gobiidae)
side.
view, left
B, posterior
i
.
+—2 mm——+
Glossogobius
(Gobiidae)
P=)
<j
Plate 201. A, B, Glossogobius aureus, USNM 241833: A, dorsal view, right-side TEb2 cut away to reveal IAC and LI2 insertion on
Pb2 and Pb3, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions indicated by shading). B, posterior view, left side.
~
Bollmannia
(Gobiidae)
Plate 202. Bollmannia chlamydes, USNM 342697: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (insertion positions shown by
shading). B, posterior view, left side.
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7
LE2
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_’
Trypauchen
(Gobiidae)
|
SUZ
aa. | ID,
B \ | \ -+————_2 mm
aa s
\ Z,
Eb1-4
Plate 203. Trypauchen vagina, USNM 339608: A, dorsal view, right-side LE4 and LP removed (indicated left-side LI] insertion on
iew, left side.
IAC is erroneous). B, posterior view
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Gnatholepis
(Gobiidae)
Plate 204. Gnatholepis cauerensis, USNM 327750: A, dorsal view, left-side LP rotated posteriorly to reveal underlying muscles,
right-side CT pad cut away to reveal underlying Pb2 and Pb3 facets. B, posterior view, left side, LP an OP attach to ligament extending
from Eb4 to CbS.
Psettodes
(Psettodidae)
Plates 205.1, 205.2. Psettodes erumei, USNM 366443 (eyes on left side): A, dorsal view. B, posterior view. C, lateral view, left side,
all right-side (Rt) elements indicated.
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-—?2 mm——
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Psettodes
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